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CMS > Endocrinology > Flashcards

Endocrinology Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the endocrine system controlled by?

A

Negative feedback

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2
Q

What are the main problems re. The endocrine system

A

Excess hormones
Reduced hormones
Physical gland enlargement

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3
Q

What does the pituitary gland do?

A

Produces thyroid stimulating hormone and regulating hormone which act on the thyroid gland

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4
Q

Name two thyroid diseases resulting in thyroxine excess

A

Hyperthyroidism

Thyrotoxicosis

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5
Q

What disease causes lack of thyroxine?.

A

Hypothyroidism

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6
Q

What cause thyroid mass?

A

Goitre

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7
Q

Who is hyperthyroidism likely to effect?

A

2-3% of women compared to 0-2% men

Younger age group- 20-40

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8
Q

What is an autoimmune disease of hyperthyroidism?

A

Graves’ disease

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9
Q

What are symptoms of hyperthyroidism?

A 
Sweating,heat intolerance
Irratabiltiy 
Poor sleep
Anxiety
Palpitations
Excess appetite 
Weight loss
Diarrhoea
Breathlessness
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10
Q

What are signs of hyperthyroidism ?

A 
Warm, moist skin
Tachycardia
Increased bp
Fine tremor
Goitre
Pre tibial myxoedema
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11
Q

What other symptoms can be evident re. Graves’ disease?,

A 
Side effect of the eyes
Exophthalmos
Ophthalmoplegia
Lid lag
Loss of visual activity
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12
Q

What can aid a diagnosis of hyperthyroidism?

A

Clincal
Blood test
Radiology

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13
Q

What would appear in blood test re. Hyperthyroidism?

A

Low TSH
High T3 and T4
Autoantibodies

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14
Q

How is hyperthyroidism managed?

A

Anti thyroid drugs- carbimazole, prophylhiouracil
Beta blockers re. Symptoms
Surgery- thyroid or eye
Radioactive iodine

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15
Q

When is radioactive iodine conteaindicated?

A

Pregnancy or breast feeding

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16
Q

What is the mean age of diagnosis re. Hypothyroidism?

A

60

17
Q

What are the causes of hypothyroidism?

A

Auto immune
Iodine deficiency
Rarely pituitary disease

18
Q

What are the symptoms of hypothyroidism?

A 
Reduced metabolism
Cold intolerance
Weight gain
Constipation
Hoarse voice
Puffed face and extremities
Mental slowness- poor memory
Hair loss
19
Q

What are signs of hypothyroidsim?

A 
Slow pulse
Large tongue
Thin, dry hair 
Loss of eyebrows
Goitre
Coarsening of features
20
Q

What would be present in blood tests of hypothyroidism?

A

High TSH
Low t4 and t3
Autoantibodies

21
Q

What are the causes of goitre?

A 
Simple cysts- adenoma
Iodine deficiency 
Autoimmune
Toxic multi nodular
Malignant- rare
22
Q

What can goitre cause?

A

Dysphagia

Breathing difficulties

23
Q

What is the managemen of goitre?

A

Radiology
Fine needle aspiration
Blood tests

24
Q

What are the side effects of anti thyroid drugs?

A

Neutropenia

Taste disturbances

25
Q

Name two types of adrenal disease

A

Cushings syndrome

Addison’s disease

26
Q

What are the presenting factors of Cushing’s syndrome?

A

Excess corticosteroids
Excess adrenocorticotrophic hormone
Can cause adrenal adenomas, carcinomas

27
Q

What are symptoms to Cushing’s disease?

A

High bp
Diabetes
Prone to infections

28
Q

What is Addison’s disease a result from?

A

Withdrawal from long term steroids
Hypopituitarism
Adrenal destruction- auto immune disease

29
Q

What are symptoms of chronic addisons?

A 
General malaise
Hyperpigmentation- Buccal mucosa 
Scars
Pressure points
Skin creases
30
Q

What are symptoms of acute addisons?

A 
In response to stress----
Shock 
Vomitting
Abdominal pain
Confusion
Hypoglycaemia
31
Q

Management of addisons?

A

Replacement therapy- hydrocortisone 2x daily

Fluorocarbons one

32
Q

What is the management of acute addisons?

A

Fluid replacement
Glucose
Hydrocortisone injections
999

33
Q

What considerations dentally re. Cushing’s?

A

Poor wound healing
Oral infections
Dose increase re tx

34
Q

What are the characteristics of acromegaly?

A

Large tongue
Interdental separation
Prognathism
Large spade like hands and feet

35
Q

What is the endocrine system mediated by?

A

Hormones

CMS (14 decks)

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