Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ClinMedEx 4 > Renal Labs 2 Schoenwald > Flashcards

Renal Labs 2 Schoenwald Flashcards

1
Q

If free water is increased, what happens to the sodium?

A

It is diluted and levels decrease (less concentrated)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

If free water is decreased, what happens to the sodium?

A

It is concentrated and levels increase (more concentrated)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is osmolality?

A

Measures the amt of dissolved particles in the blood to determine hydration status

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Osmolality _______ with overhydration and ________ with dehydration

A

decreases, increases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the purpose of ADH?

A

It regulates body water and osmolality so when there is an increased osmolality = dehydration = ADH stimulated so we hold onto water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is SIADH?

A

Syndrome of inappropriate ADH

-This causes the body to retain too much water and leads to decreased serum sodium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is diabetes insipidus?

A

Opposite of SIADH
-Inadequate amt of ADH present so symptoms are increased passage of large volumes of dilute urine leading to hypernatremia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

SIADH causes sodium levels to ______ whereas diabetes insipidus causes sodium levels to ________

A

decrease, increase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

This evaluates the ability of the kidney to concentrate urine and is more accurate than specific gravity

A

urine osmolality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is urine osmolality?

A

Basically the amount of particles concentrated in the urine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Urine osmolality is increased in what two conditions?

A
  • SIADH

- CHF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Urine osmolality is decreased in what two conditions?

A
  • Diabetes insipidus

- Excess fluid intake

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are two types of hyponatremia?

A
  • Sodium depletion (free water loss)

- Water intake > water output- renal failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Hyponatremia causes what three symptoms?

A

Muscle cramps, nausea, lethargy

-Cerebral edema b/c not enough sodium to keep water in its space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Symptoms of hypernatremia are…

A

dehydration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

To test sodium levels, what test do we use?

A

24 hour urine or spot testing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Once you determine hyponatremia from a urine test, what is the next step?

A

Order a serum osmolality to tell tonicity status of hyponatremia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are some causes of hypovolemic hyponatremia <10?

A
  • Dehydration
  • Diarrhea
  • Vomiting
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are some causes of hypovolemic hyponatremia <20?

A

Renal salt loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are some causes of euvolemic hyponatremia?

A

SIADH and postop hyponatremia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are some causes of hypervolemic hyponatremia?

A

= edema

  • CHF
  • Advanced renal failure
  • Liver disease
22
Q

Sodium is primairly a _______ cation

A

circulating (extracellular space)

23
Q

Potassium is primarily an _______ cation

A

intracellular

24
Q

As sodium is reabsorbed, _____ is lost

A

potassium

25
Q

When you are on furosemide and lasix, what else should you supplement with?

A

K+ because you pee out K+ when taking these meds

26
Q

EKG findings of this include flattened or inverted T waves

A

Hypokalemia

27
Q

EKG findings of this include peaked T waves

A

Hyperkalemia

28
Q

Hyperkalemia is associated with what two things?

A

Renal failure and acidosis

29
Q

Symptoms of this cause malaise, skeletal mm weakness and arythmias

A

Hypokalemia

30
Q

Symptoms of this cause arrythmias and cardiac arrest, numbness, tingling and weakness

A

Hyperkalemia

31
Q

This is the most abundant extracellular anion

A

Chloride

32
Q

Chloride is regulated by the renal proximal tubules and exchanged for ______ ions

A

bicarb

33
Q

If Na increases, what happens to the Cl?

A

It also increases

34
Q

This is a condition in which there is a rapid deterioration of kidney function and accumulation of nitrogenous wastes?

A

Acute renal failure

35
Q

Is Acute renal failure reversible?

A

Yes

36
Q

Symptoms of this disease include nausea, vomiting, AMS and edema

A

Acute renal failure

37
Q

Causes of prerenal ARF?

A
  • **CHF
  • Hypovolemia
  • Hypotension
  • Renal artery stenosis
38
Q

Causes of renal ARF?

A
  • nephrotoxins

- autoimmune diseases

39
Q

Causes of postrenal ARF?

A

-Obstruction

40
Q

ARF is an increase in serum Cr by ____5 over baseline levels

A

50%

41
Q

The RIFLE classification is used to stratify the severity of acute kidney injury. What does it stand for?

A 
Risk 
Injury 
Failure 
Loss 
End stage
42
Q

What is the RIF in the RIFLE criteria and what happens to the Creat or GFR?

A
  • Risk = inc Cr 1.5x or GFR > 25% decrease from baseline
  • Injury = inc Cr 2.0x or GFR > 50% decrease from baseline
  • Failure = inc Cr 3.0x or Cr >4 with acute increase >0.5 or GFR > 75% decrease from baseline
43
Q

What stage CKD is this?

Kidney damage with normal GFR >90 mls/min

A

Stage 1

44
Q

What stage CKD is this?

Kidney damage with mild decrease in GFR 60-89 mls/min

A

Stage 2

45
Q

What stage CKD is this?

Moderate decrease GFR 30-59 mls/min

A

Stage 3

46
Q

A BUN/Cr ratio of <15:1 = renal or prerenal cause?

A

renal

47
Q

A BUN/Cr ratio of >20:1 = renal or prerenal cause?

A

prerenal cause

48
Q

What are the two mc causes of chronic renal failure?

A

DM and HTN

49
Q

CO2 = acid- regulated by the ____

A

lungs

50
Q

Bicarb= base- regulated by the ______

A

kidneys

ClinMedEx 4 (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions