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ClinMedEx 4 > Hyper/Hypokalemia Paulson > Flashcards

Hyper/Hypokalemia Paulson Flashcards

1
Q

Hyperkalemia:

Serum Potassium > ______ mEq/L

A

5.0

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2
Q

Hyperkalemia refers to high ______ potassium, not whole body potassium

A

serum

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3
Q

98% of potassium is _________

A

intracellular

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4
Q

Meds that can cause hyperkalemia?

A
  • ACEI/ARB
  • Spironolactone
  • Bactrim
  • NSAID
  • Beta blockers
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5
Q

Symptoms of hyperkalemia?

A

“im tired”

-Symptoms are usually vague but may have N/V, palpitations, lethargy, confusion, muscle weakness, arrhythmias/death

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6
Q

What dianostics should we get for hyperkalemia?

A
  • BMP
  • **EKG
  • ABG if suspect acidosis
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7
Q

What EKG changes do you see with hyperkalemia?

A
  • Peaked T waves (5.5-6.5)
  • flattened p-waves
  • wide QRS
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8
Q

You might see this EKG pattern in severe hyperkalemia that denotes IMPENDING CARDIAC ARREST

A

“Sine wave”

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9
Q

When is hyperkalemia considered an emergency? what levels?

A

> 6.5

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10
Q

What are serious symptoms of hyperkalemia?

A

muscle weakness, paralysis, arrythmias

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11
Q

If a patient has severe hyperkalemia + EKG changes, what is the tx?

A

IV calcium gluconate to stablize heart

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12
Q

Options to drive K+ back into the cell?

A

A. Insulin + glucose
B. Inhaled albuterol
C. IV sodium bicarb

*temporary, not lasting solutions

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13
Q

**Options to remove k+ from the body??

A

A. GI Cation exchanger (helps to bind K+ in gut and poop it out) = Patiromer
B. Diuretics
C. Hemodialysis (for renal impairment)

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14
Q

Hypokalemia:

Serum Potassium < _____ mEq/L

A

3.5

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15
Q

How to test for hypokalemia?

A
  • BMP
  • Mg
  • EKG
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16
Q

When hypokalemia, ppl will also have concurrent _____ losses

A

Mg

17
Q

What are some ekg findings of hypokalemia?

A
  • Flattened or inverted T-waves
  • prominent U-waves (V4-V6)
  • ST depression
18
Q

Treatment for hyopkalemia?

A
  • Usually not emergent unless cardiac manifestations and level is <2.5 (give IV potassium replacement in this situation)
  • Oral potassium chloride preferred for most others
19
Q

If there is concurrent hypokalemia and hypomagnesemia, what do we do?

A

Both need to be replaced

20
Q

A patient with hypokalemia will also need continuous ______ monitoring

A

cardiac

ClinMedEx 4 (16 decks)

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