Renal 2 Paulson

Question 1

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is defined by kidney damage or a decrease in kidney function for greater than or equal to ____ months

Answer 1

3

Question 2

What are the two most common causes of CKD?

Answer 2

Diabetes & HTN

Question 3

THis is a product of muscle metabolism, excreted by the kidneys

Answer 3

Creatinine

Question 4

Plasma filtration by the glomerulous

Answer 4

Glomerular Filtration Rate

Question 5

_________ _______ is the gold standard for GFR measurement but never used. ______ is used instead

Answer 5

inulin clearance, MDRD & Cockcroft-Gault

Question 6

When calculating GFR in obese or fluid overloaded patients, we need to remember to use _____

Answer 6

ideal body weight

Question 7

Refers to all types or proteins that might be in the urine

Answer 7

Proteinuria

Question 8

What is the GS to check for proteinuria?

Answer 8

24 hr urine (urine:Cr ratio)

Question 9

T/F: exercise can cause proteinuria?

Answer 9

True (less concerning cause of proteinuria)

Question 10

Specific to CKD and pathomneumonic for kidney damage?

Answer 10

albuminuria

Question 11

This detects early CKD?

Answer 11

albuminuria

Question 12

Preferred screening for albuminuria?

Answer 12

Urine albumin : Cr ratio (yearly)

Question 13

Normal albumin level

Answer 13

<30

Question 14

Microalbuminuria

Answer 14

30-300

Question 15

Macroalbuminura

Answer 15

> 300

Question 16

Early detection or mod to severe albuminuria in diabetics can be treated with

Answer 16

ACEI or ARB

Question 17

What is the target A1C for diabetics with CKD

Answer 17

7.0%

Question 18

When calculating CKD, we use what two things to measure?

Answer 18

GFR and albumin

Question 19

G1

Answer 19

> 90

Question 20

G2

Answer 20

60-90

Question 21

G3a

Answer 21

45-60

Question 22

G3b

Answer 22

30-45

Question 23

G4

Answer 23

15-30

Question 24

G5

Answer 24

<15

Question 25

What size is a normal kidney on U/S?

Answer 25

10 cm

*shrunken kidney indicated CKD and can help differentiate between acute and chronic kidney issues

Question 26

People with CKD4 and above should be on a __________

Answer 26

Phosphate binder (sevelamer)

Question 27

CKD + hyperparathyroidism tx?

Answer 27

Vit D

Question 28

What foods should someone with CKD and hyperphosphatemia avoid?

Answer 28

Dark soda, protein, dairy

Question 29

Treatment for CKD and hyperkalemia?

Answer 29

Low potassium diet (Kayexelate)

Question 30

At what GFR does a patient start dialysis?

Answer 30

10-15

Question 31

This type of dialysis uses a AVF and is done 3x/wk

Answer 31

hemodialysis

Question 32

Sample probably contaminated

Answer 32

squamous epithelial cells

Question 33

Renal tubular cells/casts

Answer 33

ATN/AIN

Question 34

RBC casts

Answer 34

Glomerulonephritis

Question 35

WBC casts

Answer 35

interstitial nephritis, pyelo, inflammation

Question 36

Fatty casts

Answer 36

nephritic syndrome

Question 37

hyaline casts

Answer 37

can be normal

Question 38

muddy brown casts

Answer 38

ATN

Question 39

This is damage to the filtering of the glomerulous so protein gets out in urine, not as much serum albumin so liver tries to help = get extra lipids produced

Answer 39

Nephrotic syndrome

Question 40

This disease is characterized by:

• Edema
• Proteinuria (foamy urine)
• Low serum albumin
• Hyperlipidemia

Answer 40

Nephrotic syndrome

Question 41

_________ is the name given to a collection of different signs and symptoms that occur as a result of inflammation in the kidneys. This inflammation causes the kidneys to work less effectively. It also causes protein and red blood cells to leak from the bloodstream into the urine.

Answer 41

Nephritic syndrome

Question 42

This disease is characterized by:

• Hypertension
• Hematuria
• Proteinuria (less than nephrotic syndrome)

Answer 42

Nephritic syndrome