Malaria & Tick Schoenwald Flashcards

1
Q

This disease is mosquito borne-anopholes

A

Malaria

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2
Q

What is the most common mode of malaria transmission?

A

Mosquito

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3
Q

How to precent malaria?

A
  • insect repellent

- mosquito netting

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4
Q

______ is contained in clothes, tents and other equipment that repells mosquitos

A

Permethrin

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5
Q

What is a medication for malaria chemoprophylaxis but has resistance issues and is used for Central America?

A

Chloroquine

*used primarily for central america

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6
Q

What is a medication for malaria chemoprophylaxis that has no resistance?

A

Atovaquone/Proguanil (Malarone)

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7
Q

What is a medication for malaria chemoprophylaxis that has sun sensitivity?

A

Doxycycline

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8
Q

What is a medication for malaria chemoprophylaxis used in Cambodia, Laos, and Burma?

A

Mefloquine (Lariam)

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9
Q

What malaria chemoprophylaxis med is only approved for pregnancy?

A

Mefloquine (Lariam)

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10
Q

What are side effects of Mefloquine (Lariam)?

A

depression, confusion, night terrors, hallucinations

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11
Q

When taking doxy, what should you caution patients?

A

sun sensitivity

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12
Q

This malaria chemoprophylaxis med is used for prophylaxis and antirelapse therapy and is used in combo with another antimalaria agent?

A

Primaquine

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13
Q

You need to check for _______ prior to primaquine administration due to potential for fatal hemolysis

A

G6PD

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14
Q

What malaria chemoprophylaxis med should NOT be used in G6PD and is a new agent?

A

Tafenoquine (Arakoda, Krintafel)

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15
Q

Signs and symptoms of malaria are ____

A

cyclical

-Fever, chills, HA, myalgias

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16
Q

What is the gold standard test for diagnosing malaria?

A

Blood smear (PCR only tells you if malaria is present and blood smear can tell you the species)

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17
Q

A blood smear for malaria is best done if during when?

A

During an episode of fever

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18
Q

What is the treatment for malaria in the US?

A

Atovaquone/Proguanil (Malarone)

-4 tablets PO qday x 3 days

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19
Q

What two malaria meds are approved for prophylaxis?

A

Chloriquine or mefloquine

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20
Q

What malaria med is contraindicated in pregnancy?

A

doxycycline

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21
Q

“bone break fever”

A

Dengue fever

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22
Q

These are symptoms of what?

Fatigue, fever, extreme muscle and body aches

A

Dengue fever

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23
Q

What is the treatment for Dengue fever?

A

Supportive

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24
Q

What med should be avoided in Dengue fever?

A

NSAIDs

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25
Q

These are symptoms of what?

headache, mental status changes, fever, body aches, sometimes rash (about 1 in 150 infected develop serious illness) meningitis, flaccid paralysis unique

A

West nile virus

26
Q

How do you dx west nile virus?

A

Diagnose with serologies IgG and IgM in blood or spinal fluid

27
Q

Treatment for west nile?

A

supportive

28
Q

What are the three tick borne illnesses?

A
  • Lyme disease
  • Rickettsia
  • Babesia
29
Q

This disease is caused by spirochete borrelia burgdorferi

A

Lyme disease

30
Q

Tick Ixodes ricinus “deer tick”

A

Lyme disease

31
Q

What ages are at risk for Lyme disease ?

A

All ages at risk

32
Q

This disease can cause dermatologic, rheumatologic, neurologic or cardiac abnormalities specifically erythema migrans rash

A

Lyme disease

33
Q

erythema migrans rash

A

Lyme disease

34
Q

What stage of lyme disease is this? (1, 2, 3)

  • Erythema migrans present
  • (75%) Fever, myalgias, fatigue
A

1

35
Q

What stage of lyme disease is this? (1, 2, 3)

-Conduction abnormalities (5% some sort of AV block

A

2

36
Q

What stage of lyme disease is this? (1, 2, 3)

-Persistent infection, arthritis type symptoms, usually not previously treated

A

3

37
Q

What are the tests used to diagnose lyme disease?

A

ELISA followed by western blot

**serologic testing often negative in first few weeks of infection

38
Q

Treatment for lyme disease?

A

Doxycycline 100 mg PO BID x 21 days

39
Q

What is the treatment for lyme disease for children <8 or pregnant women?

A

Amoxicillin 50 mg/kg/day divided into 3

doses (q 8 hour dosing) x 14-21 days

40
Q

These are symptoms of what disease?

-Symptoms include hemolytic anemia with fatigue, body aches, fever (may be abscent), splenomegaly and hepatomegaly

A

babesia

41
Q

On labs for this disease you may find maltese cross formation in rbc

A

babesia

42
Q

Treatment for babesia?

A

Atovaquone AND Azithromycin

43
Q

Rocky Mountain Spotted fever in southeastern US

A

spotted fever

44
Q

This disease causes a maculopapular rash on hands and feet that spreads to the body and progresses to petechiae?

A

spotted fever

45
Q

How to dx spotted fever?

A

PCR

-Then acute (when sick) and convalescent sera (4 wks later)

46
Q

Treatment for spotted fever ?

A

Doxy for everyone! (regular tx, kids & adults)

47
Q

If you see morulae, think?

A

anaplasma & ehrilchia

48
Q

anaplasma & ehrilchia are diagnosed by…

A

serology

49
Q

treatment for anaplasma & ehrilchia?

A

doxy

50
Q

In this disease, symptoms include Fever, rash, headache, pain behind eyes, **low platelets (key finding)

A

colorado tick fever

51
Q

treatment for colorado tick fever?

A

supportive

52
Q

What type of virus is zika?

A

flavi (an rna virus that can infect humans)

53
Q

testing for zika?

A

PCR on serum and/or urine, igM serum

54
Q

treatment for zika?

A

none

55
Q

Men should wait ___ months to have intercourse if zika but most current recommendations say ____ months of abstinence after traveling in zika zone

A

6, 3

56
Q

What is the main risk of zika virus?

A

Microcephaly

57
Q

This virus is Transmitted by Aedes aegypti mosquito

A

Yellow fever

**think of egyptian pyramid is yellow

58
Q

Symptoms of this disease are Acute onset fever, myalgias, headache, backache, nausea and vomiting and 15% can relapse and worsen

A

Yellow fever

59
Q

Treatment for yellow fever?

A

symptomatic care only

60
Q

What should you avoid in yellow fever and why?

A

Avoid NSAIDs as increased risk of hemorrhage

61
Q

Can you get a yellow fever vaccine in pregnancy?

A

no

62
Q

Who should we be cautious in giving the yellow fever vaccine to?

A

precaution in age >60 because you can get yellow fever from the actual vaccine