Renal Infx

Question 0

Uropathogenic E.coli

*UPEC

Answer 0

Renal infx
Virulence
-*adhesins
  -type 1 pili (FimH) most common for UTI
-*P pili (strong risk factor for pyelonephritis)
-motile
-LPS
-hemolysin
-colicin V
-siderophore aerobactin

Question 1

Escherichia coli

Answer 1

Renal infx
-small, Gr- rod
-caused >80% UTI's, also causes gastroenteritis, neonatal meningitis, and bacteremia
LAB
-some have capsule
-motile
-urease-
-nitrite+
-ferments lactose rapidly

Question 2

Klebsiella pneumoniae

Answer 2

Renal infx
-large Gr- bacilli
-causes UTIs, pneumonia (*red-current-jelly sputum, alcoholics)
LAB
-nonmotile
-urease+
-nitrate+
-ferments lactose
Virulence
-*large polysaccharide capsule
-adhesins

Question 3

Proteus mirabilis

Answer 3

Renal infx
-Gr- bacilli
-causes UTIs, wound infx, pneumonia
LAB
-*very motile, *swarming
-*urease+++
-nitrite+
Virulence
-flagella
-adhesins

Question 4

Staphylococcus saprophyticus

Answer 4

Renal infx
-Gr+ cocci in clusters
-normal microbiota in skin, intestine, urethra
-causes 5-20% UTI (*mostly sexually active young women)
LAB
-*nitrite-
-urease+
-cat+
-coagulase-
-gamma hemolytic (non-hemolytic)
-novobiocin resistant
Virulence
-more aggressive UTI than E.coli?
-slime layer
-biofilms
-adhesins
-lipase

Question 5

Schistosomiasis spp.

Answer 5

Renal infx
-2nd most common parasitic disease
-2 major types
-Urogenital: (lives in veins of vesical plexus, bladder and ureters)<-egg deposition
-Intestinal: eggs shed in poop
-S. mansoni
-S. japonicum
Life cycle
-reproduce asexually in freshwater snails
-larval form=*cercaria, released from snail, and burrow into skin of host
-eggs hatch into *miracidia, second larval form and infect snail

Question 6

Schistosoma haematobium

Answer 6

Renal infx
-urogenital
-trematode
-“blood flukes”
-adults are dioecious
-intermediate host: freshwater snail (asexual reproduction)
-definitive host: mammal (sexual reproduction)
-live in veins of vesical plexus, around bladder and ureters
-eggs deposition in venous plexous or lower urinary tract and are shed in urine
-*eggs are class I carcinogens–> leading cause of bladder cancer
-causes *urogenital schistosomiasis (acute/chronic)
-signs INC eosinophils, hematuria
LAB
-urine microscopy for eggs *gold standard
Virulence
-immune evasion
-adult worms coat themselves w/ host antigens

Question 7

Candida albicans

Answer 7

Renal infx
-*dimorphic fungus
-*leading cause of HAI bloodstream infx
-drug of choice "-conazoles"
-has round to oval budding yeast, true hyphae
LAB
-*"germ tube" test
  -incubated in *rabbit serum at 37C
  -will see growth of true hyphae
Virulence
-adhesins
-proteinases
-phospholipases
-biofilms

Question 8

Candida glabrata

Answer 8

Renal infx
-*yeast
-does not form hyphae, pseudohyphae, germ tubes
-dimorphic?
-2nd most common yeast in UTIs, can also cause endocarditis, meningitis
Virulence
-biofilms
-*resistant to azoles
-must use a "-fungin"