Renal Histology - Olinger Flashcards
2 Parts of the renal corpuscle?
Glomerulus
Bowman’s capsule
3 Parts of the renal tubule?
PCT
Loop of Henle
DCT - macula densa
Characteristics of cortical nephron
Located in the outer region of the cortex
Short loop of Henle
Peritubular capillary network
Characteristics of juxtamedullary nephron
Loop of Henle is long
Vasa recta
Glomerulus capillaries
Lined by fenestrated epithelial cells
Mesangium
Part of glomerulus
Mesangial cells and matrix
Shit ton of functions
Functions of mesangium
Specialized pericytes
Characteristics of smooth m and macrophages
Contractile - regulate blood flow
Capable of proliferation
Synthesize bone matrix and collagen
Mechanical support to glomerular capillaries
Control turnover of glomerular basal lamina material (phagocytic)
Secrete prostaglandins and endothelins
Responds to angiotensin II
Parietal layer of capsule of Bowman
Associated with the surrounding connective tissue
Basement membrane
Squamous epithelial cells - continuous with simple squamous epithelium of PCT
Visceral layer of capsule of Bowman
Surrounds the glomerular capillaries
Basement membrane
Podocytes
Urinary space
Located between visceral and parietal layers of glomerulus
Characteristics of podocytes
Part of visceral layer of glomerulus
Encircle the glomerular capillaries
End as pedicles
What comprises the glomerular filtration system
Podocytes
Fenestrated epithelium of the glomerular epitheliums
Basement membrane
Characteristic of PCT?
Simple cuboidal epithelium Apical tight junctions Well developed apical brush border of microvilli Lysosomes at the apical domain Basal infoldings and interdigitations Basal mitochondria
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Which part of the loop of Henle is impermeable to water?
Ascending limb
Thick segment epithelium?
Low simple cuboidal epithelium
Thin segment epithelium?
Simple squamous epithelium
2 functions of interstitial cells
Maintenance of renal architecture
Produces erythropoietin
Characteristics of DCT
Low simple cuboidal epithelium
Apical tight junctions
Lack an apical brush border of microvilli
Basal infoldings and interdigitations
3 Parts of juxtaglomerular apparatus
Macula densa
Extraglomerular mesangial cells
Juxtaglomerular cells
Juxtaglomerular cells
Modified smooth muscle cell of the afferent arteriole
Produces renin
How to tell PCT from DCT?
PCT has abundant lysosomes and brush border with microvilli
Characteristics of principle cells?
Single apical non-motile cilium
Act as a mechanosensor of fluid flow
2 cell types of collecting tubule?
Principle
Intercalated
Blood supply to kidney?
Segmental a –> interlobar a –> arcuate a –> interlobular a –> afferent arterioles –> glomerulus –> efferent arterioles
2 different capillary networks?
Peritubular
Vasa recta
Characteristics of peritubular capillary network?
Associated with cortex
Surround the cortical segments of the superficial uriniferous tubules
Lined by fenestrated epithelium cells
Venous drainage?
Peritubular cap network –> interlobular v –> arcuate v –> interlobar v
Vasa Recta
Drain efferent arterioles near the cortico-medullary junction
Arterial cap lined with continuous endothelial cells
Extends into the medulla
Ascending venous cap with fenestrated endothelial cells
Medullary Rays
Forms the axis of a renal lobule
Urothelium
Lines bladder - transitional epithelium
Prostatic urethra epithelium
Transitional
Membranous and spongy (penile) urethra epithelium
Pseudostratified
Female urethra epithelium
Stratified squamous
