Renal Histology

Question 1

is the renal artery elastic or muscular?

Answer 1

elastic

Question 2

what are medullary rays and where are they found?

Answer 2

straight tubules that are extensions of the medulla found at the base of medullary pyramids going into the cortex

Question 3

what two structures make up the pyramids in the medulla of the kidney?

Answer 3

mainly the collecting ducts and the loops of henle

Question 4

what two structures are mainly found in the cortex of the kidney?

Answer 4

renal corpuscles and convoluted tubules

Question 5

define a renal lobe

Answer 5

a pyramid and its associated cortex

Question 6

what are two roles of interstitial cells in the kidney?

Answer 6

make medullipin to lower BP

make EPO to help with RBC formation

Question 7

what is a portal system?

Answer 7

when a vessel lies between two capillaries

Question 8

what is the renal portal system?

Answer 8

glomerular capillaries to efferent arteriole to peritubular capillaries and vasa recta

Question 9

name the outer wall of Bowmans capsule

Answer 9

parietal layer

Question 10

what cell type lines the parietal layer of bowmans capsule

Answer 10

simple squamous epithelium

Question 11

name the inner wall of bowmans capsule

Answer 11

visceral layer

Question 12

what two cell types make up the visceral layer of bowmans capsule

Answer 12

podocytes and simple squamous epithelium

Question 13

podocytes branch and become what structure?

Answer 13

a primary process

Question 14

what branches off the primary processes of podocytes?

Answer 14

pedicels

Question 15

what do pedicels create in the capillary network of the renal corpuscle?

Answer 15

filtration slits

Question 16

what bridges each filtration slit in pedicels?

Answer 16

a diaphragm

Question 17

where is the mesangium found?

Answer 17

in between capillaries in a glomerulus

Question 18

what are two roles of mesangial cells in the mesangium in a glomerular capillary network?

Answer 18

phagocytose large protein molecules that accumulate

can contract to decrease filtration of the capillaries

Question 19

what type of capillary is in the glomerulus of a kidney?

Answer 19

fenestrated without diaphragms

Question 20

name the three structures in the renal filtration barrier

Answer 20

fenestrated epithelium of the glomerular capillaries
basal lamina
filtration slits with diaphragms between pedicels

Question 21

what type of epitheilum is in PCT?

Answer 21

simple cuboidal with brush border

Question 22

what three molecules are totally reabsorbed in the PCT?

Answer 22

glucose, AAs, and protein

Question 23

what is the main function of the PCT?

Answer 23

reduce ultrafiltrate volume by reabsorbing NaCl and H20 while maintaining the isotonicity

Question 24

what is the epithelium of the thick limb of descending and ascending loops?

Answer 24

simple cuboidal with brush border

Question 25

what is the epithelium of the thin descinding and ascending loop limbs?

Answer 25

simple squamous

Question 26

what is the descending thin limb permeable to?

Answer 26

H2O out

Question 27

what is the ascending thin limb permeable to?

Answer 27

some H2O in but mainly NaCl out

Question 28

what is the ascending thick limb permeable to?

Answer 28

Cl actively transported out and Na follows

Question 29

what is the epithelium of the DCT?

Answer 29

simple cuboidal

Question 30

what is the major function of the DCT?

Answer 30

respond to hormones like aldosterone to remove Na from filtrate

Question 31

what are the two epithelial types of collecting ducts?

Answer 31

simple cuboidal close to DCT | simple columnar further down

Question 32

what is the major function of the collecting duct?

Answer 32

to respond to ADH and become permeable to H2O when ADH is around

Question 33

name the three types of collecting ducts

Answer 33

coritcal medullary papillary collecting ducts

Question 34

where are papillary collecting ducts located?

Answer 34

at the apex of each renal pyramid

Question 35

what do papillary collecting ducts empty contents into?

Answer 35

minor calyx

Question 36

name the three cell layers of the excretory passages

Answer 36

transitional epithelium muscularis adventitia

Question 37

what is the shape of the ureter lumen?

Answer 37

star shaped

Question 38

does a bladder have more layers of epithelium when it is relaxed or distended?

Answer 38

more layers when relaxed and less when distended