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Renal Week 1 > Renal Histology > Flashcards

Renal Histology Flashcards

1
Q

is the renal artery elastic or muscular?

A

elastic

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2
Q

what are medullary rays and where are they found?

A

straight tubules that are extensions of the medulla found at the base of medullary pyramids going into the cortex

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3
Q

what two structures make up the pyramids in the medulla of the kidney?

A

mainly the collecting ducts and the loops of henle

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4
Q

what two structures are mainly found in the cortex of the kidney?

A

renal corpuscles and convoluted tubules

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5
Q

define a renal lobe

A

a pyramid and its associated cortex

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6
Q

what are two roles of interstitial cells in the kidney?

A

make medullipin to lower BP

make EPO to help with RBC formation

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7
Q

what is a portal system?

A

when a vessel lies between two capillaries

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8
Q

what is the renal portal system?

A

glomerular capillaries to efferent arteriole to peritubular capillaries and vasa recta

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9
Q

name the outer wall of Bowmans capsule

A

parietal layer

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10
Q

what cell type lines the parietal layer of bowmans capsule

A

simple squamous epithelium

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11
Q

name the inner wall of bowmans capsule

A

visceral layer

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12
Q

what two cell types make up the visceral layer of bowmans capsule

A

podocytes and simple squamous epithelium

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13
Q

podocytes branch and become what structure?

A

a primary process

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14
Q

what branches off the primary processes of podocytes?

A

pedicels

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15
Q

what do pedicels create in the capillary network of the renal corpuscle?

A

filtration slits

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16
Q

what bridges each filtration slit in pedicels?

A

a diaphragm

17
Q

where is the mesangium found?

A

in between capillaries in a glomerulus

18
Q

what are two roles of mesangial cells in the mesangium in a glomerular capillary network?

A

phagocytose large protein molecules that accumulate

can contract to decrease filtration of the capillaries

19
Q

what type of capillary is in the glomerulus of a kidney?

A

fenestrated without diaphragms

20
Q

name the three structures in the renal filtration barrier

A

fenestrated epithelium of the glomerular capillaries
basal lamina
filtration slits with diaphragms between pedicels

21
Q

what type of epitheilum is in PCT?

A

simple cuboidal with brush border

22
Q

what three molecules are totally reabsorbed in the PCT?

A

glucose, AAs, and protein

23
Q

what is the main function of the PCT?

A

reduce ultrafiltrate volume by reabsorbing NaCl and H20 while maintaining the isotonicity

24
Q

what is the epithelium of the thick limb of descending and ascending loops?

A

simple cuboidal with brush border

25
Q

what is the epithelium of the thin descinding and ascending loop limbs?

A

simple squamous

26
Q

what is the descending thin limb permeable to?

A

H2O out

27
Q

what is the ascending thin limb permeable to?

A

some H2O in but mainly NaCl out

28
Q

what is the ascending thick limb permeable to?

A

Cl actively transported out and Na follows

29
Q

what is the epithelium of the DCT?

A

simple cuboidal

30
Q

what is the major function of the DCT?

A

respond to hormones like aldosterone to remove Na from filtrate

31
Q

what are the two epithelial types of collecting ducts?

A

simple cuboidal close to DCT

simple columnar further down

32
Q

what is the major function of the collecting duct?

A

to respond to ADH and become permeable to H2O when ADH is around

33
Q

name the three types of collecting ducts

A

coritcal
medullary
papillary collecting ducts

34
Q

where are papillary collecting ducts located?

A

at the apex of each renal pyramid

35
Q

what do papillary collecting ducts empty contents into?

A

minor calyx

36
Q

name the three cell layers of the excretory passages

A

transitional epithelium
muscularis
adventitia

37
Q

what is the shape of the ureter lumen?

A

star shaped

38
Q

does a bladder have more layers of epithelium when it is relaxed or distended?

A

more layers when relaxed and less when distended

Renal Week 1 (8 decks)

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