Anatomy

Question 1

name the two layers of fat surrounding the kidneys? which is the outer layer?

Answer 1

pararenal and perirenal

pararenal is the outer layer

Question 2

what separates the two layers of fat surounding the kidneys?

Answer 2

renal fascia (Gerotas)

Question 3

what three things enter at the renal hilum?

Answer 3

renal vein
renal artery
renal pelvis

Question 4

what is the outer region of the kidney?

Answer 4

renal cortex

Question 5

what is the inner region of the kidney?

Answer 5

renal medulla

Question 6

branches of the renal cortex that extend into the medullary regions are called what?

Answer 6

renal columns

Question 7

what is the structure of the medullary regions in the kidney?

Answer 7

pyramids

Question 8

what is within pyramids that helps with urine production?

Answer 8

collecting ducts

Question 9

what is the innermost tip of the medullary pyramids known as?

Answer 9

papilla

Question 10

urine drains from the papilla into what structure?

Answer 10

minor calyx

Question 11

describe the transfer of urine from the pyramids of medullary region to the bladder

Answer 11

pyramid…papilla…minor calyx…major calyx…renal pelvis…ureter…bladder

Question 12

name the five regions of kidney vasculature

Answer 12

superios segment
anterior superior segment
anterior inferior segment
inferior segment
posterior segment

Question 13

how many branches of the renal artery feed the kidney?

Answer 13

5 segmental arteries

Question 14

what do segmental arteries of the kidney branch into?

Answer 14

interlobar arteries

Question 15

where do interlobar arteries run in the kidney?

Answer 15

between the pyramids

Question 16

what do the interlobar arteries branch into?

Answer 16

arcuate arteries

Question 17

where do the arcuate arteries run in the kidney?

Answer 17

on the top of the pyramids in the cortex

Question 18

what do the arcuate arteries branch into?

Answer 18

interlobular arteries

Question 19

where do the interlobular arteries traverse in the kidney?

Answer 19

the cortex

Question 20

where do preganglionic sympathetic nerves traveling to the kidney synapse?

Answer 20

aorticorenal ganglia or renal plexus

Question 21

name the sympathetic nerves that innervate the kidney

Answer 21

sympathetic splanchnic nerves

Question 22

does sympathetic innervation lead to vasoconstriction or dilation in the kidney vasculature?

Answer 22

constriction

Question 23

what is the word that describes the location of the kidneys and the ureters?

Answer 23

retroperitoneal

Question 24

name the two portions of the ureters

Answer 24

abdominal and pelvic

Question 25

where does the abdominal portion of the ureter run from and to?

Answer 25

from the kidney and to the iliac vessels

Question 26

where does the pelvic region of the ureter run from and to?

Answer 26

from the iliac vessels and to the bladder

Question 27

what is the name of the location where the pelvic ureter enters the bladder

Answer 27

uretero vesical junction

Question 28

what muscle does the abdominal portion of the ureters run on top of? What vessel crosses the abdominal ureter?

Answer 28

runs on top of the psoas muscle | gonadal vessels cross it

Question 29

name the four vessels that feed the abdominal ureter

Answer 29

renal gonadal aorta common iliac

Question 30

name the two vessels that feed the pelvic ureter

Answer 30

internal iliac and vesical

Question 31

name the three constriction sites of the ureter

Answer 31

at the hilum of the kidney at the location where ureter crosses over iliac artery at the bladder where ureter traverses the side of the wall

Question 32

what can get stuck in the constriction sites of the ureters?

Answer 32

stones

Question 33

what dermatome levels will the ureter relay its pain to?

Answer 33

T10-L2...which includes lower quad of abdomen and the groin area

Question 34

what lies just anterior to the bladder?

Answer 34

the pubic symphis

Question 35

what is the name of the muscle wall of the bladder?

Answer 35

detrussor muscle

Question 36

what is the name of the muscle that controls the opening of the bladder?

Answer 36

internal urethral sphincter

Question 37

what parts of nervous system/what type of muscle controls the detrussor muscle, internal sphincter and external sphincter?

Answer 37

ANS ANS Skeletal muscle

Question 38

what are the three aspects of the trigone in the bladder?

Answer 38

left and right ureter emptying | base is the opening of the urethra

Question 39

name the four regions of the bladder

Answer 39

apex, fundus, body and neck

Question 40

what is the name of the avasculature spot in the kidney where you can enter the collecting duct system?

Answer 40

Brodels line