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Z. USMLE Step 2 Rapid Review > Renal/Genitourinary > Flashcards

Renal/Genitourinary Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Renal tubular acidosis (RTA) associated with abnormal H+ secretion and nephrolithiasis

A

Type I (distal) RTA

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2
Q

RTA associated with abnormaol HCO3 reabsorption and rickets

A

Type II (proximal) RTA

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3
Q

RTA associated with low aldosterone state

A

Type IV (distal) RTA

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4
Q

Trreatmant of hypernatremia

A

NS if unstable vital signs; D5W or 1/2 NS to replace free-water loss

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5
Q

Differential diagnoses of hypotonic hypervolemic hyponatremia

A

Cirrhosis, CHF, nephrotic syndroma, acute kiid,ey injury (AKI) chronic kidney disease (CKD)

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6
Q

Chvostek and Trousseau signs

A

Hypocalcemia

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7
Q

The most common causes of hypercalcemia

A

Malignancy and hyperparathyroidism

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8
Q

T-wave flattening and U waves

A

Hypokalemia

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9
Q

Peaked T waves and widened QRS

A

Hyperkalemia

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10
Q

Treatment of hyperkalemia

A

C BIG K (calcium gluconate, bicarb bèta-sympaticomimeticum, insulin,glucose, kayexalate)
Ca voor membraanstabilisatie
Insuline/glucose HCO3- bètasympaticomimetica voor intracellulaire opname K+
Kaliumexcretie: resoniumklysma, lisdiuretica, dialyse

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11
Q

First-line treatmen for moderate hypercalcemia

A

IV hydration

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12
Q

Type of AKI in a patient with FENa<1%

A

Prerenal

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13
Q

A 49-year-old man presents with acute-onset flank pain and hematuria

A

Nephrolithiasis

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14
Q

The most commontype of nehrolithasis

A

Calcium oxalate

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15
Q

Test of choice for nephrolithiasis

A

Noncontrast CT

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16
Q

Ultrasonography shows bilateral enlarged kidneys with cysts; Associated brain anomaly

A

Cerebral berry aneurysms (autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease , PCKD)

17
Q

Hematuria, hypertension, and oliguria

A

Neprhitic syndrome

18
Q

Proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, hyperlipduria, and edema,

A

Nephrotic syndrome

19
Q

The most common form of nephrotic syndrome in adults

A

Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis

20
Q

Nephrotic syndrome presenting 3 days fter URI, normal C3

A

IgA nephorpahy (Berger disease)

21
Q

Palpable purpura, arthralgias, abdominal pain

A

Henoch - Schönlein purpura

22
Q

Glomerulonephritis with deafness

A

Alport syndrome

23
Q

Glomerulonephritis with hemoptysis

A

Granulomatosis with polyangiitis and Goodpasture syndrome

24
Q

Presence of red cell casts in urine sediment

A

Glomerulonephritis/nephritic syndrome

25
Q

Eosinophils in urine sediment

A

Allergic interstiial nephritis

26
Q

Waxy casts in urine sedimnet and Maltese crosses (seen with lipduria)

A

Nephrotic syndrome

27
Q

Muddy bron casts

A

Acute tubular necrosis

28
Q

Drowsines, asterixis, nausea, and pericardial friction rub

A

Uremic syndrome seen in patients with renal failure

29
Q

A 55-year-old man is dignosed ith prostate cancer. Treatment options?

A

Wait surgical resection, radiation therapy, and/or androgen suppression

30
Q

Hematuria in a 50-year -old smoker

A

Bladder cancer

31
Q

Hematuria , flank pain, and palpable flank mass

A

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC)

32
Q

Testicular cancer associated with beta-hCG

A

Choriocarcinoma

33
Q

The most comon type of testicular cancer

A

Seminoma, a type of germ-cell tumor

34
Q

The most commonhistology of bladder cancer

A

Transitional cell carcinoma

35
Q

Complication of overly rapid correction of hyponatremia

A

Central pontine myelinolysis

36
Q

Salicylate ingestion occurs in what type of acid-base disorder?

A

Anion gap acidosis and 1° respiratory, alkalosis due to central respiratory stimulation

37
Q

Acid-base disturbance commonly seen in pregnant women

A

Respriatoy alkalosis

38
Q

A 55-year-old man presents with irritative and obstructive urinary symptoms. Treatment options?

A

Probably BPH. Options include no treatment, terazosin, finasteride, or surgical intervention (TURP)
alfa1-blocker
5-alfa-reductase-inhibitor

Z. USMLE Step 2 Rapid Review (14 decks)

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