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Z. USMLE Step 2 Rapid Review > Infectious disease > Flashcards

Infectious disease Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

The three most common causes of fever of unknown origin (FUO)

A

Infection, cancer, and autoimmune disease

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2
Q

Four signs and symptoms of streptococcal pharyngitis

A

Fever, tender anterior cervical lymphadenopathe, tonsillar exudate, lack of cough

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3
Q

A nonsuppurative complication of streptococcal infection that is not altered by treatment of 1° infection

A

Postinfectious glomerulonephritis

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4
Q

The most common predisposing factor for acute sinusitis

A

Viral URI

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5
Q

Asplenic patients are particulary susceptible to UTIs?

A

Encapsulated organisms– pneumococcus, meningococcus, Haemophilus influenzae, Klebsiella

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6
Q

The number of bacteria needed on a clean-catch specimen to diagnose a UTI

A

10tot de 5e bacteria/mL

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7
Q

Which healthy population is susceptible to UTIs?

A

Pregnant women. Treat this group aggressively because of high risk of complications

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8
Q

Nonpainful chancre

A

1° syphilis

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9
Q

A “blueberry muffin” rash is characteristic of what congenital infection?

A

Rubella

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10
Q

Meningitis in neonates. Causes? Treatment?

A

Group B strep (GjBS), E Coli, Listeria. Treat with gentamicin and ampicillin

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11
Q

Meningitis in infants. Causes? Treatment?

A

Pneumococcus menigococcus, H influenzae. Treat with cefataxime and vancomysin.

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12
Q

What should always be done prior to LP?

A

Check for elevated ICP: look for papilledema

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13
Q

CSF findings:

  • Low glucose, PMN predominance
  • Normal glucose, lymphocytic predominance
  • Numerous RBCs in serial CSF samples
  • elevated gamma globulins
A

Bacterial meningitis
Aseptic (viral) meningitis
Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH)
MS

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14
Q

Initially persents with a pruritic papule with regianal lymphadenopathy: evolves into a black eschar after 7-10 days. Treatment?

A

Cutaneous anthrax. Treat with pnicilllin G or ciprofloxacin

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15
Q

Findings in 3° syphillis

A

Tabes dorsalis,geneneral paresis, gummas, Argyll Robertson pupil, aortitis, aortic root aneurysm

A gumma is a soft, non-cancerous growth resulting from the tertiary stage of syphilis. It is a form of granuloma. Gummas are most commonly found in the liver (gumma hepatis), but can also be found in brain, heart, skin, bone, testis, and other tissues, leading to a variety of potential problems including neurological disorders or heart valve disease.

Tabes dorsalis, also known as syphilitic myelopathy, is a slow degeneration (specifically, demyelination) of the neural tracts primarily in the dorsal columns (posterior columns) of the spinal cord (the portion closest to the back of the body) & dorsal roots. These nerves normally help maintain a person’s sense of position (proprioception), vibration, and discriminative touch.

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16
Q

Characteristics of 2° Lyme desease

A

ARthralgias, migratory polyarthropathies, Bell palsy, myocarditis

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17
Q

Cold agglutinins

A

Mycoplasma

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18
Q

A 24-year-old man presents with soft white plaques on his tongue and the back of his throat. Diagnosis? Workup? Treatment?

A

Candidal thrush. Workup should include an HIV test. Treat with nystatin oral suspension.

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19
Q

At what CD4 count should Pneumocystis jirvec pneumonia prophylaxis be initiated in an HIV-+ patient? Mycobacterium avium-complex (MAC) prophylaxis?

A

< of gelijk dan 200 for P jiroveci (with TMP-SMX); < of gelijk dan 50-10£0£ for MAC (with clarithromycin/azithromycin)

20
Q

Risk factors for pyelonephritis

A

Pregnancy, vesicoureteral reflux, anatomic anomalies, indwelling catheters, kidney stones

21
Q

Neutropenic nadir postchemotherapy

A

7-10 days

When discussing chemotherapy side effects often you will hear the word nadir, mainly in reference to the blood counts, particularly white blood cell count and platelet count. Nadir basically means low point, however further explanation may clarify this term in connection with chemotherapy treatment.

22
Q

Erythema migrans

A

Lesion of 1° Lyme disease

23
Q

Classic physical findings for endocarditis

A

Fever, heart murmur, Osler nodes, splinter hemorrhages, Janeway lesions, Roth spots

24
Q

Aplastic crisis in sickle cell disease

A

Parvovirus. B19

25
Q

Organism? Branching rods in oral infection

A

Actinomyces israelii

26
Q

Organism?Weakly gram +, partially acid-fast in lung infection

A

Nocardia asteroides

27
Q

Organism? Painful chancroid

A

Hemophilus ducreyi

28
Q

Organism? Dog or cat bite

A

Pasteurella multocida

29
Q

Organism? Gardener

A

Sporothrix schenckii

30
Q

Organism? Raw pork and skeletal muscle cysts.

A

Trichinella spiralis

31
Q

Organism? Sheepherders with liver cysts

A

Echinococcus granulosus

32
Q

Organism? Perianal itching

A

Enterobius vermicularis

33
Q

Organism? Pregnant women with pets

A

Toxoplasma gondii

34
Q

Organism? Meningitis in adults

A

Neisseria meningitidis

35
Q

Organism? Meningitis in elderly

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae

36
Q

Organism? Meningoencephalitis in AIDS patients

A

Cryptococcus neoformans

37
Q

Organism? Alcoholic with pneumonia

A

Klebsiella

38
Q

Organism? “Current jelly” sputum

A

Klebsiella

39
Q

Organism? Malignant external otitis

A

Pseudomonas

40
Q

Organism? Infection in burn victims

A

Pseudomonas

41
Q

Organism? Osteomyelitis from a foot wound puncture

A

Pseudomonas

42
Q

Organism? Osteomyelitis in a sickle cell patient

A

Salmonella

43
Q

A 55-year-old man who is a smoker and a heavy drinker presents with a new cough and flulike symptoms, Gram stain shows no organisms, silver stain of sputum shows gram - rods. What is the diagnosis?

A

Legionella pneumonia

44
Q

A middle-aged man presents with acute-onset monoarticular joint pain and bilateral Bell palsy. What is the likely diagnosis, and how did he get it? Treatment?

A

Lyme desiase, Ixodes tick, doxycycline

45
Q

A patient develops endocarditis 3 weeks after receiving a prosthetic heart valve. What organism is suspected?

A

S aureus of Staphylococcus epidermidis

46
Q

A patient develops endocarditis in a native valve after having a dental cleaning

A

Streptococcus viridans

Z. USMLE Step 2 Rapid Review (14 decks)

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