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Z. USMLE Step 2 Rapid Review > Hematology/oncology > Flashcards

Hematology/oncology Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Four causes of microcytic anemia

A

TICS-Thalassemia. Iron deficiency anemia of Chronic disease, and Sideroblastic anemia

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2
Q

An elderly man with hyppochromic, microcytic anemia is asymptomatic. Diagnostic tests?

A

Fecal occult blood test and sigmoidoscopy; suspect colorectal cancer

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3
Q

Precipitants of hemolytic crisis in patients with G6PD deficiency

A

Sulonamides, antimalarial drugs, fava beans

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4
Q

The most common inherited caurse of hypercoagulability

A

Factor V Leiden mutation

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5
Q

The most common inherited bleeding disorder

A

von Willebrand disease

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6
Q

The most common ingerited hemolytic anemia

A

Hereditory spherocytosis

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7
Q

Diagnostic test for hereditary spherocytosis

A

Osmototic fagility test

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8
Q

Pure RBC aplasia

A

Diamond - Blackfan anemia

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9
Q

Aneia associated with absent radii and thumbs, diffuse hyperpigmentation, caf2 au lait spots, microcephaly, and pancytopenia

A

Fanconi anemia

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10
Q

Medications and viruses that lead to aplastic anemia

A

Chlorampheniicol, sulfonamides, radiation, HIV, chemotherapeutic agents, hepatitis, parvovirus B19, EBV

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11
Q

How to distinguish polycythemia vera from 2° polycythemia

A

Both have elevated hematocrit and RBC mass, but polycythemia vera should have normal O2 saturation and low erythropoietin levels

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12
Q

Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) pentad?

A

“FAT RN”: Fever Anemia Thrombocytopenia, Renal dysfunction, Neurologic abnormalities

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13
Q

Hemolytic uremic syndroma (HUS) triad?

A

Anemia, thrombocytopenia, and acute renal failure

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14
Q

Treatlabt for TTP

A

Emergent large-volume plasmaphereseis, corticosteroids, antiplatelet drugs. Platelet transfusion is contraindicated!

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15
Q

Treatment for idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) in children

A

Usually resolves spontanea-ously; may require IVIG and/or corticosteroids

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16
Q

Which of the following are elevated n DIC; fibrin split products, D-dimer, fibrinogen, platelets and hematocrit?

A

Fibrin split products and D-dimer are eevated; platelets, fibrinogen and hematocrit are lowered

17
Q

An 8-year-old girl presents with prolonged bledding after dental surgery and with menses, normal PT, normal or elevated PTT and elevated bleeding time Diagnosis? Treatmant?

A

von Willebrand disease; treat with desmopressin , FFP , or cryoprecipitate

18
Q

A 60-year old African American man presents with bone pain. What might a workup for multiple myoloma reveal?

A

Monoclonal gammopaty, Bence Jones proteinuria, and “punched-out” lesions on radiographs of the skull and long bones

19
Q

Reed-Sternberg cells

A

Hodgkin lymphoma

20
Q

A 10-year-old boy presents with fever, meight loss and night sweats. Examination shows an anterior mediastinal mass. Suspected diagnosis?

A

Non-Hodgkin lymphoma

21
Q

Microcytic anemiawith lowered serum iron, lowered total iron-biniding capacity (TIBC) and normal or elevated ferritin

A

Anemia of chronic desease

22
Q

Microcytic anemia with lowered serum iron , lowered ferritin , and elevated TIBC

A

Iron-deficiency anemia

23
Q

An 80-year_old man presents with fatigue, lymphadenopaty, splenomegaly, and isolated lyphocytosis. What is the suspected diagnosis?

A

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)

24
Q

Patient with fatigue is found to have a lowered hemoglobin and elevated mean corpuscular volume. What are potential causes for this anemia?

A

Lowered B12 (pernicious anemia, vegetarian diet, Crohn/GI disorders) or folate (alcoholics)

25
Q

A late, life-threatening complication of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML)

A

Blast crisis (fever, bonoe pain, splenomegaly, pancytopenia)

26
Q

Auer rods on blood smear

A

Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML)

27
Q

AML subtype associated with DIC. Treatment?

A

M3, Retinoic acid

28
Q

Electrolyte-changes in tumor lysis syndrome

A

Lowered Ca2+, Elevated K+, elevated phospate, elevated uric acid

29
Q

A 50-year-old man presents with early satiety, splenomegaly, and bleeding. Cytogenetics show t(9,22) Diagnosis?

A

CML

30
Q

A patiënt on the chemotherapy service with an absolute neutrophil count (ANC) of 1000 is noted to have a fever of 38°8C Next best step?

A

Neutropenic, fever is a medical emergency. Start broad-spectrum antibiotics

31
Q

Virus associated with aplastic anemia in patients with sickle cell anemia

A

Parvovirus B19

32
Q

A 25-year - old African American man with sickle cell anemia has sudden onset of Bone pain. Management of pain crisis?

A

O2, analgesia, hydration and , if severe , transfusion

33
Q

A significant cause of morbidity in thalassemia patients. Treatment?

A

Iron overload; use deferoxamine

Z. USMLE Step 2 Rapid Review (14 decks)

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