Emergency medicine Flashcards

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1
Q

)Class of drugs that may cause syndrome of muschle rigidity, hyperthermia, autonomic instability, and extrapyramidal symptoms

A

Antipsychotics (neuroleptic malignant syndrome)

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2
Q

Side effects of corticosteroids

A

Acute mania, immunosuppression , thin skin, osteoporosis, easy bruising, myopathies

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3
Q

Treatment for DTs

A

Benzodiazepines

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4
Q

Treatment for acetaminophen overdose

A

N-acetylcysteine

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5
Q

Treatment for opioid overdose

A

Naloxone

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6
Q

Treatment for benzodiazepine overdose

A

Flumazenil (monitor for withdrawal and seizures)

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7
Q

Treatment for neuroleptic malignant syndrome and malignant hyperthermia

A

Dantrolene

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8
Q

Treatment of atrial fibrilation

A

Rate control rhythm conversion, and anticoagulation

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9
Q

Treatment of supraventricular tachycardia

A

If stable, rate control with carotid massage or other vagal stimulation, if unsuccessful, consider adenosine

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10
Q

Cause of drug-induced SLE

A

INH, penicillamine, hydralazine procainamide, chlorpromazine, methyldopa, quinidine

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11
Q

Macrocytic megaloblastic anemia with neurologic symproms

A

B12 deficiency

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12
Q

Macrocytic megaloblastic anemia without neurologic symptoms

A

Folate deficiency

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13
Q

A burn patient presents with cherrry-red, flushed skin and coma. SaO2 is normal but carboxygemoglobin is elevated. Treatment?

A

Treat CO poisoning with 100% O2 or with hyperbaric O2 if poisoning is severe or the patient is pregnant

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14
Q

Test to rule out urethral infury

A

Retrograde cystourethrogram

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15
Q

Radiographic evidence of aortic disruption or dissecction

A

Widened mediastinum (>8cm), loss of aortic knob, pleural cap, tracheal deviation to the right depression of left main stem bronchus

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16
Q

Radiographic indications for surgery in patients with acute abdomen

A

Free air under the diaphragm, extravasation of contrast, severe bowel distnetion, space-occupying lesion (CT), mesenteric occlusion (angiography)

17
Q

The most common organism in burn-related infections

A

Pseudomonas

18
Q

Method of calculating fluid repletion in burn patients

A

Parkland formula: 24-hour fluids + 4 x kg x % BSA

19
Q

Acceptable urine output in a trauma patient

A

50cc/hour

20
Q

Acceptable urine output in a stable patient

A

30cc/hour

21
Q

Signs of neurogenic shock

A

Hypotension and bradycardia

22
Q

Sign of elevated ICP (Cushing triad)

A

Hypertension, bradycardia and abnormal respirations

23
Q

Lowered CO2, lowered PCWP, elevated peripheral vascular resitance (PVR)

A

Hypovolemic shock

24
Q

Lowered CO2, elevated PCWP, elevated PVR

A

Cardiogenic (or obstuctive) shock

25
Q

elevated CO2, lowered PCWP and lowered PVR

A

Distributive (eg, septic or anaphylactic) shock

26
Q

Treatment of septic shock

A

Fluids and antibiotics

27
Q

Treatment of cardiogenic shock

A

Identify cause; inotropes (eg, dopamine)

28
Q

Treatment of hypovolemic shock

A

Identify cause; fluid and blood repletion

29
Q

Supportive treatment for ARDS

A

Low tidal volume ventilation

30
Q

Signs of air emboism

A

A patient with chest trauma who was previously stable suddenly dies

31
Q

Signs of cardiac tamponade

A

Distended neck veins, hypotension, diminished heart sounds (Beck triad); pulsus paradoxus

32
Q

Absent breath sounds, dullness to percussion, shock, flat neck veins

A

Massive hemothorax