Pediatrics

Question 1

Nontender abdominal mass associated with elevating vanillylmandelic acid (VMA) and homovanillic acid (HVA)

Answer 1

Neuroblastoma

Question 2

The most common type of tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF).Classic presentation?

Answer 2

Esophageal atresia with disal TEF (85%). Unable to pass NG tube

Question 3

Not contraindications to vaccination

Answer 3

Mild illness and/or low-grade fever, current antibioti therapy, and prematurity

Question 4

Tests to rule out abusive head trauma

Answer 4

Opthalmologic exam, CT, and MRI

Question 5

A neonate has meconium ileus

Answer 5

Cystic fibrosis (Hirschsprung disease is associated with failure to pass meconium for 48 hours)

Question 6

Bilious emesis withn hours after the first feeding

Answer 6

Duodenal atresia

Question 7

A 2-months-old baby presents with nonbilious projectile emesis. Diagnosis? What are the appropriate steps in management?

Answer 7

Pyloric stenosis. Hydrate and correct metabolic abnormalities; then correct pyloric stenosis with pylormyotomy

Question 8

The most common1° immunodeficiency

Answer 8

Selective IgA deficiency

Question 9

An infant has a high fever and onset of rash as fever breaks. What is he at risk for?

Answer 9

Febrile seizures (due to roseola infantum)

Question 10

What is th immunodeficiency?

A boy has chronic respratory infections. Nitroblue tetrazolium test is negative

Answer 10

Chronic granulomatous disease

Question 11

What is the immunodeficiency?

A child has eczema, thrombocytopenia, and high levels of IgA

Answer 11

Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome

Question 12

What is the immunodeficiency?

A 4-month-old boy has life-threatening Pseudomonas infection

Answer 12

Bruton’s X-linked agammagloblinemia

Question 13

Acute-phase treatment for Kawasaki disease

Answer 13

High-dose ASA for inflammation and fever; IVIG to prevent coronary aneurysms

Question 14

Treatment for mild and severe unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia

Answer 14

Phototherapy (mild) or exchange transusion (sever). (Do not use phototherapy for conjugated hyperbilirubinemia)

Question 15

Sudden onset of mental status changes, emesis, and liver dysfunction after ASA intake

Answer 15

Reye syndrome

Question 16

A child has loss of red light reflex (white pupil). Diagnosis? The child has an eleveted risk of what cancer?

Answer 16

Suspect retinoblastoma. Osteosarcoma.

Question 17

Vaccinations at a 6-month well-child visit

Answer 17

HBV, DTaP, Hib, IPV, PCV, rotavirus

Question 18

Tanner stage 3 in a 6-year -old girl

Answer 18

Precocious puberty

Question 19

infection of small airways with epidemics in winter and spring

Answer 19

RSV bronchiolitis

Question 20

Cause of neonatal RDS.

Answer 20

Surfactant deficiency

Question 21

Red “currant-jelly” stools, colcky abdominal pain, bious vomiting, and a sausage-shaped mass in the RUQ

Answer 21

Intussusception

Question 22

A congenital heart disease that causes 2° hypertension. What would you find on physical examination?

Answer 22

Coarctation of the aorta; lowerd femoral pulses

Question 23

First-line tratment for otitis media

Answer 23

Amoxicillin

Question 24

The most common pathogen causing croup

Answer 24

parainfluenza virus type 1

Question 25

A homeless child is small for his age and has peeling skin and a swollen belly

Answer 25

Kwashiorkor (protein malnutrition)

Question 26

Defect in an X-linked syndrome with mental retardation, gout, selfmutilation, and choreoathetosis

Answer 26

Lesch-Nyhan syndrome (purine salvage problem with HGPRTase deficiency)

Question 27

A newborn girl has a continuous “machinery murmur”. What drug would you give?

Answer 27

Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). Indomethacin is given to close the PDA

Question 28

A newborn girl with a posterior neck mass and swelling of the hands

Answer 28

Turner syndrome

Question 29

A young child presents with proximal muscle weakness, waddling gait, and pronounded calf muscles

Answer 29

Duchenne muscular dystrophy

Question 30

A first-born female who was born in breech position is found to have asymmetric skin folds on newborn exam. Diagosis? Treatment?

Answer 30

Developmental dysplasia of the hip. If seere, consider a Pavlik harness to maintain abduction

Question 31

An 11-year-old obese African American boy presets with sudden onset of limp Diagnosis? Workup?

Answer 31

Slipped capital femoral epiphysis. AP and frog-leg lateral radiographs.

Question 32

An active 13-year-old boy has anterior knee pain,Diagnosis?

Answer 32

Osgood-Schlatter disease