Pediatrics Flashcards

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1
Q

Nontender abdominal mass associated with elevating vanillylmandelic acid (VMA) and homovanillic acid (HVA)

A

Neuroblastoma

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2
Q

The most common type of tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF).Classic presentation?

A

Esophageal atresia with disal TEF (85%). Unable to pass NG tube

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3
Q

Not contraindications to vaccination

A

Mild illness and/or low-grade fever, current antibioti therapy, and prematurity

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4
Q

Tests to rule out abusive head trauma

A

Opthalmologic exam, CT, and MRI

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5
Q

A neonate has meconium ileus

A

Cystic fibrosis (Hirschsprung disease is associated with failure to pass meconium for 48 hours)

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6
Q

Bilious emesis withn hours after the first feeding

A

Duodenal atresia

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7
Q

A 2-months-old baby presents with nonbilious projectile emesis. Diagnosis? What are the appropriate steps in management?

A

Pyloric stenosis. Hydrate and correct metabolic abnormalities; then correct pyloric stenosis with pylormyotomy

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8
Q

The most common1° immunodeficiency

A

Selective IgA deficiency

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9
Q

An infant has a high fever and onset of rash as fever breaks. What is he at risk for?

A

Febrile seizures (due to roseola infantum)

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10
Q

What is th immunodeficiency?

A boy has chronic respratory infections. Nitroblue tetrazolium test is negative

A

Chronic granulomatous disease

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11
Q

What is the immunodeficiency?

A child has eczema, thrombocytopenia, and high levels of IgA

A

Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome

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12
Q

What is the immunodeficiency?

A 4-month-old boy has life-threatening Pseudomonas infection

A

Bruton’s X-linked agammagloblinemia

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13
Q

Acute-phase treatment for Kawasaki disease

A

High-dose ASA for inflammation and fever; IVIG to prevent coronary aneurysms

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14
Q

Treatment for mild and severe unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia

A

Phototherapy (mild) or exchange transusion (sever). (Do not use phototherapy for conjugated hyperbilirubinemia)

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15
Q

Sudden onset of mental status changes, emesis, and liver dysfunction after ASA intake

A

Reye syndrome

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16
Q

A child has loss of red light reflex (white pupil). Diagnosis? The child has an eleveted risk of what cancer?

A

Suspect retinoblastoma. Osteosarcoma.

17
Q

Vaccinations at a 6-month well-child visit

A

HBV, DTaP, Hib, IPV, PCV, rotavirus

18
Q

Tanner stage 3 in a 6-year -old girl

A

Precocious puberty

19
Q

infection of small airways with epidemics in winter and spring

A

RSV bronchiolitis

20
Q

Cause of neonatal RDS.

A

Surfactant deficiency

21
Q

Red “currant-jelly” stools, colcky abdominal pain, bious vomiting, and a sausage-shaped mass in the RUQ

A

Intussusception

22
Q

A congenital heart disease that causes 2° hypertension. What would you find on physical examination?

A

Coarctation of the aorta; lowerd femoral pulses

23
Q

First-line tratment for otitis media

A

Amoxicillin

24
Q

The most common pathogen causing croup

A

parainfluenza virus type 1

25
Q

A homeless child is small for his age and has peeling skin and a swollen belly

A

Kwashiorkor (protein malnutrition)

26
Q

Defect in an X-linked syndrome with mental retardation, gout, selfmutilation, and choreoathetosis

A

Lesch-Nyhan syndrome (purine salvage problem with HGPRTase deficiency)

27
Q

A newborn girl has a continuous “machinery murmur”. What drug would you give?

A

Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). Indomethacin is given to close the PDA

28
Q

A newborn girl with a posterior neck mass and swelling of the hands

A

Turner syndrome

29
Q

A young child presents with proximal muscle weakness, waddling gait, and pronounded calf muscles

A

Duchenne muscular dystrophy

30
Q

A first-born female who was born in breech position is found to have asymmetric skin folds on newborn exam. Diagosis? Treatment?

A

Developmental dysplasia of the hip. If seere, consider a Pavlik harness to maintain abduction

31
Q

An 11-year-old obese African American boy presets with sudden onset of limp Diagnosis? Workup?

A

Slipped capital femoral epiphysis. AP and frog-leg lateral radiographs.

32
Q

An active 13-year-old boy has anterior knee pain,Diagnosis?

A

Osgood-Schlatter disease