Pulmonary Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
1
Q

Risk factors for DVT

A

Stasis, endothelial injury, and hypercoagulability (Virchow triad)

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2
Q

Criteria for exudative effusion

A

Pleural/serum protein >0,5; pleural serum/LDH>0,6

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3
Q

Causes of exudative effusion

A

Think of leaky capillaries, Malgnancy, TB, bacgterial or viral infecrtion, pulmonary embolism (PE) with infarct, and pancreatitis

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4
Q

Causes of transudative effusion

A

Think of intact capillaries, CHF, liver or kidney disease, ad protein-losing enteropathy

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5
Q

Normalizing Pco2 in a patient having an asthma exacderbation may indicate ______.
Treatment for acute asthma and COPD exacerbations

A

Fatigue and impending respiratory failure

Beta2-agonists and corticosteroids (anticholinergics and antibiotics for COPD exacerbation as well)

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6
Q

Sarcoidosis

A

Dyspnea, lateral hilar lymphadenopathy on chest radiograph, noncaseating granulomas, elevated angiotensin-converting enzyme, and hypercalcemia

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7
Q

PFTs of obstructive pulmonary disease

A

lowered FEV1/FVC

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8
Q

PFTs of restrictive pulmonary disease

A

elevated FEV1/FVC, lowered TLC

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9
Q

Honeycomb pattern on chest radiograph. Treatment?

A

Diffuse interstial pulmonary fibrosis. Supportive care; antifibrotic agents may help

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10
Q

Treatmet for SVC syndrome

A

Radiation

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11
Q

Treatment for mild persistent asthma

A

Inhaled beta-agonists and inhaled corticosteroids

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12
Q

Treatment vor COPD exacerbation

A

O2, bronchodilators, antibiotics, corticosteroids with taper, smoking cessation

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13
Q

Treatment for chronic COPD

A

Smoking cessation, home O2, beta-agonists, anticholinergics, systemic or inhaled corticosteroids, flu and pneumococcal vaccines

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14
Q

Acid-base disorder in PE

A

Respiratory aldalosis with hypoxia and hypocarbia

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15
Q

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) associated with hypercalcemia

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

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16
Q

Lung cancer associated with syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH)

A

Small cell lung cancer (SCLC)

17
Q

Lung cancer associated with Lambert Eaton syndrome

A

SCLC

18
Q

Lung cancers with highly related to cigarett exposure

A

SCLC, SCC

19
Q

A tall Caucasian man presents with acute shortness of breath. Diagnosis? Treatment?

A

Spontaneous pneumothorax. Spontaneous regression; supplemental O2 may be helpful

20
Q

Treatment of tension pneumothorax

A

Immediate needle thoracostomy (over diagnostic)

21
Q

Characteristics favoring carcinoma in an isolated pulmonary nodule

A

Age >45-50 tobacco use; lesions new or larger in comparison to old films; absence of calcification or irregular calcification ; size > 2cm; irregular margins

22
Q

ARDS

A

Hypoxemia and pulmonary edema with normal pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP)

23
Q

Sequelae of asbestos exposure

A

Pulmonary fibrosis, pleural plaques, bronchogenic carcinoma (mass in lung field) mesotherlioma (pleural mass)

24
Q

Eleveted risk of what infection with silicoses

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

25
Q

Causes of hypoxemia

A

Right-to-left shunt; hypoventilation,low is O2 tension, diffusion defect, V/Q mismatch

26
Q

Classic chest radiographic finding for pulmonary edema

A

Cardiomegaly; prominent pulmonary vessels, Kerley B lines, “bat’s swing” appearance of hilar shadows, and perivascular and peribronchial cuffing

27
Q

Chest radiaograhy findings suggestive of PE

A

Westermark sign and Hampton hump