Renal Failure Flashcards

1
Q

Two patterns of the loss of kidney filtration

A

Acute

Chronic

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2
Q

Stages of Chronic Kidney Disease

A
1 - GFR 90%+
2 - GFR 60-89%
3 - GFR 30-59%
4 - GFR 15 - 29%
5 - GFR <15%
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3
Q

Diagnosis of Chronic Kidney Disease

A

Albuminuria
Imaging shows kidney structural changes
Electrolyte disturbances due to tubular dysfunction

GFR <60

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4
Q

Albuminuria Categories

A

A1 - <30
A2 - 30-300
A3 - >300

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5
Q

Creatinine Staging of Kidney Injury

A

1 - Cr 1.5 to 1.9 baseline of >0.3 increase
2 - 2.0 - 2.9 baseline
3 - 3x baseline (or more than 4.0)

These must also occur with low urine output

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6
Q

Prerenal v. Filtration v. Postrenal AKI

A

Prerenal - perfusion disruption (blood loss, etc.)

Filtration - Pathology of glomeruli or tubules

Postrenal - obstruction to rnal pelvis, ureters, bladder, urethrea

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7
Q

Symptoms of Renal Failure or Injury

A

Decreased GFR
Increased creatinine
Albumin in urine

Clinical symptoms are often vague or common with other diseases

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8
Q

Most common cause of AKI

A

Hospitalization with reduced perfusion and exposure to nephrotoxic medications

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9
Q

Stage 4 / 5 CKD

A

Must refer to nephrology! All CKD should be referred, but 4/5 will required dialysis

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10
Q

CKD Complications

A
Atherosclerosis
Heart failure
HTN
Pulmonary edema
Pericarditis
N/V
Anorexia
electrolyte issues
Anemia (Anemia of chronic disease)
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11
Q

Acute Renal Problem Symptoms

A

Oliguria (<400ml per day)
Edema
Confusion
Anorexia

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12
Q

Management of CKD

A
BP control is top priority (ACE-I)
Diet - low protein
Limit nephrotoxic drugs
Smoking cessation
Lipid Control
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