Eye Flashcards

1
Q

Hordeolum

A

hordeolum is an acute infection and inflammation of one of the glands in the eyelid, painful

Treatment may be erthyromycin ointment or gentamicin; if refractory then oral cephalexin or dicloxacillin

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2
Q

Blepharitis

A

Inflammation of the eyelid
eyelids red, swollen, irritated, and itchy. It can cause crusty dandruff-like flakes on eyelashes.

Gentle washing and warm compresses

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3
Q

Chalazion

A

red bump on your eyelid. It is sometimes called an eyelid cyst or a meibomian cyst. It slowly forms when an oil gland (called a meibomian) becomes blocked

Warm compresses help, refer if remains for several weeks

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3
Q

Chalazion

A

red bump on your eyelid. It is sometimes called an eyelid cyst or a meibomian cyst. It slowly forms when an oil gland (called a meibomian) becomes blocked

Warm compresses help, refer if remains for several weeks

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4
Q

Chalazion v. Hordeolum

A

A chalazion is a less painful chronic infection on the INSIDE of the eyelid (conjunctival side) affecting the Zeis or meibomian (oil-secreting) glands.

Styes, or hordeola, are painful infected lesions on the EDGE of the eyelid (eyelash follicles) that come on quickly and eventually break open and drain

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5
Q

Describe clinical presentation, physical examination, and treatment of conjunctivitis.

A

A recent upper-respiratory infection or exposure to sick individuals can point to a diagnosis of adenoviral conjunctivitis.

Ocular symptoms include acute onset of a red eye with excessive watery discharge. Classically, it begins in one eye and then involves the fellow eye within days due to the phenomenon of autoinnoculation. Pink Eye.

Adenoviral conjunctivitis can occur in three different forms: adenoviral conjunctivitis, pharyngoconjunctival fever, and epidemic keratoconjunctivitis

Treatment is with antibiotic eye drops if bacterial, but most are viral or allergic.

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6
Q

Corneal Surface Defect or Foreign Body

A

Contact lens = high risk
Corneal ulcer = defect with infiltrate of white area into cornea
Sudden onset of eye pain = foreign body

Treat abrasions with antibiotic prophylaxis and lubricating drops, a ointment help give a barrier

Flush eye for FB, espeailly chemicals and measure pH of eye after fliush (7-7.5 goal)

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7
Q

Abrasion on F. Dye Stain

A

An abrasion will appear bright green, often polygonal

If pattern changes with blinking = herpetic infection
If pattern doesn’t change with blinking = corneal lacerations

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8
Q

Eye Drops or Cream?

A

Adults get eye drops

Peds get eye creams

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9
Q

Describe the components of a general eye examination.

A

Record visual acuity in the right and left eye and both eyes together whenever possible, and ask the patient if vision has been affected
Examine and compare each eye to one another
Pupil responses, reactivity, accommodation
Check visual fields
Fundoscopic exam

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10
Q

Which eye conditions warrant referral to an ophthalmologist?

A
Abrasions at 3 and 9 o'clock position
Metallic or chemical foreign body
Infectious keratitis
Full thickness corneal laceration
Elevated eye pressure (>30)
Lesion in central vision
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11
Q

Bacterial v. Viral conjunctivitis

A

Bacterial has gritty or sticky sensation, yellow-green discharge, cornea is clear

Viral usually has recent history of URI, rhinitis, clear discharge

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12
Q

Pinguecula v. Pteryglum

A

Pinguecula is a small raised growth on conjunctiva. Presents with dryness, irritation

Pteryglum is a raised wedge shaped growth of conjunctiva into the cornea. Presents with irritation, redness, may affect vision

Both are from UV exposure, treat both with artificial tears

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13
Q

Open Angle Glaucoma

A

Most common
Drainage angle is open but the mesh is blocked
Eye pressure increases and vision is slowly decreased

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14
Q

Acute Closure Glaucoma

A

Iris bulges forward and blocks the drainage angle
Occurs suddenly, eye pressure spikes
Medical emergency - immediate referral

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15
Q

Subconjunctival hemorrhage

A

Subconjunctival hemorrhage (collection of blood occurring under the conjunctiva but not into iris/pupil)

  1. Caused by trauma, excessive straining (Valsalva) with vomiting or coughing, HTN, or rubbing of eyes
  2. Signs and symptoms
    a) No change in visual acuity and no foreign sensation
    b) No photophobia
    c) May have felt a mild “stinging” sensation when it occurred
  3. Treatment
    a) Rule out HTN, trauma, or bleeding disorders, and treat if needed
    b) No treatment needed, except reassurance that it will resolve in approximately 2 wk
16
Q

dacryostenosis

A

nasolacrimal duct obstruction in infants

  1. Signs and symptoms
    a) Persistent tearing (most common complaint)
    b) Debris on eye lashes
    c) No conjunctival redness, unless from rubbing
    d) May see enlargement of tear duct opening
    e) Gentle palpation may elicit tears or mucus into inner canthus
  2. Treatment
    a) Gentle massage to inner canthus 2 to 3 ×d
    b) Warm moist compresses
17
Q

Xanthelasma

A

harmless yellow bump on or near your eyelid skin
Usually result of lipoprotein or biliary problem, may indicate cholesterol problem
More common in elderly
Only treated if cosmetic concernes

18
Q

Dry Eye Syndrome

A

Symmetrical irritation or redness
Blurred vision that resolves with blinking
Light sensitive

Treat with artificial tears, humidifier at night

19
Q

Iritis / Uvelitis

A

Caused by inflammation of anterior uveal tract and ciliary body often involved

Signs and symptoms

a) Ciliary flush (red ring around the iris)
b) Photophobia with aversion to penlight in both eyes
c) No discharge and minimal tearing

Treatment is immediate referral to ED or ophthalmologist