Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharmacology > Renal Drugs > Flashcards

Renal Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Diuretic that is preferred in patient with mild renal insufficiency

A

HCTZ

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

JNC8 guidelines for treating HTN

A

treat when 150/90 in 60+ or 140/90 in <60 y/o

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what can be used for kidney stone prevention

A

thiazide diuretics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

S/E of thiazide diuretics

A
  1. hypokalemia

2. drug interaction with bile acid binding resins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what labs and how often do you check them when on thiazide diuretic

A

BMP, CBC every 3-4 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

loop diuretics increase renal excretion of what?

A

water, Na, Cl, Mg, K, Ca

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what do you have to give in addition to loop diuretic

A

PO potassium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What labs do you check with loop diuretics and when?

A

prior to starting and regularly throughout treatment

electrolytes, BUN, creatinine, LFTs, uric acid, glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

diuretics increase risk of….

A

gout

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

potassium sparing diuretics can be used off label for…

A

acne

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

indications for carbonic anhydrase inhibitors

A

glaucoma
acute mountain sickness
pseudotumor cerebri

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

S/E carbonic anhydrase inhibitors

A

tingling, kidney stones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

DDAVP is used for…

A

bedwetting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

DDAVP increases risk for….

A

clots

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Indications for anticholinergics

A 
symptoms of overactive bladder
urge incontinence (but not stress incontinence)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Anticholinergic CIs

A

cognitive impairment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Anticholinergic S/E

A 
hots as hare
blind as a bat (blurred vision)
dry as a bone (constipation, dry mouth)
red as a beet (flushing)
mad as a hatter (delerium) 
bloated as a toad (ileus)
the heart runs alone (tachycardia)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

labs to check prior to starting anticholinergic

A

urine and urine culture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Alpha-1-antagonist examples

A

tamsulosin / flomax

terazosin / hytrin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Alpha-1-antagonist indications

A

BPH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Alpha-1-antagonist S/E

A 
orthostatic hypotension!
headache
somnolence
nasal congestion
palpitations
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Prazosin is used off-label for

A

nightmares

23
Q

PDE5 Inhibitors absolute CI

A

patients using nitrates

24
Q

osmotic diuretics example

A

mannitol

25
Q

osmotic diuretics MOA

A

reduces reabsorption of water in proximal convoluted tubule and thin descending Loop of Henle, increases excretion of almost all electrolytes

26
Q

osmotic diuretics indications

A
  1. increased intracranial pressure, cerebral edema
  2. glaucoma
  3. acute renal failure
27
Q

osmotic diuretics CI

A
  1. acute cranial bleeding

2. continuous administration

28
Q

osmotic diuretics S/E

A
  1. pulmonary edema

2. dehydration and hypernatremia

29
Q

what should be monitored when giving an osmotic diuretic

A
  1. vital signs
  2. urinary output
  3. pulmonary pressure
  4. electrolytes
30
Q

Desmopressin (DDAVP) MOA

A

increases resorption of water by increasing the permeability of collecting ducts in kidney, decreasing urinary output

31
Q

DDAVP Indications

A
  1. decrease urine production

2. help reduce bleeding

32
Q

DDAVP CIs

A
  1. hypersensitivity

2. mild to moderate renal impairment

33
Q

DDAVP cautions

A

should be used sparingly (ie overnight trip)

can develop hyponatremia

34
Q

DDAVP S/E

A
  1. acute MI
  2. thrombosis
  3. increased BP
  4. water intoxication
  5. confusion
  6. seizures
35
Q

Anticholinergic examples

A
  1. oxybutynin / ditropan or oxytrol patch
  2. tolterodine / detrol
  3. solifenacin / vesicare
36
Q

Anticholinergic indications

A

overactive bladder w/ urge urinary incontinence, urgency, frequency

37
Q

Anticholinergic MOA

A

block muscarinic and parasympathetic nerve endings on detrusor muscle of bladder

38
Q

Anticholinergic CIs

A
  1. conditions in which cholinergic blockade would exacerbate an already serious problem
  2. avoid in Alzheimer’s disease
39
Q

beta-3 adrenergic agonist example

A

Myrbetriq / mirabegron

40
Q

beta-3 adrenergic agonist indication

A

overative bladder w/ urge urinary incontinence, urgency, frequency

41
Q

beta-3 adrenergic agonist MOA

A

targets beta-3 adrenergic receptor pathway, impacts storage phase of micturition cycle

42
Q

beta-3 adrenergic agonist CI

A
  1. caution w/ bladder outlet obstruction

2. caution with anti-muscarinic medications

43
Q

beta-3 adrenergic agonist S/E

A
  1. hypertension
  2. nasopharyngitis
  3. UTI
  4. headache
  5. angioedema
44
Q

alpha-1 antagonist MOA

A

vasodilation and decreased systemic vascular resistance

relax urinary sphincter

45
Q

alpha-1 antagonist CI

A

concurrent use w/ any PDE5 inhibitor (ie Viagra)

–> increased risk of severe hypotension

46
Q

Why is tamsulosin good?

A

more selective for alpha 1a receptors on bladder sphincter, not vascular smooth muscle –> less risk of orthostatic hypotension

47
Q

5-alpha-reductase inhibitors example

A

finasterid / proscar / propecia

48
Q

5-alpha-reductase inhibitors MOA

A

reduce production of DHT (active form of testosterone)

49
Q

5-alpha-reductase inhibitors indications

A

BPH

male pattern baldness

50
Q

5-alpha-reductase inhibitors CIs

A

pregnancy (category X)

women of childbearing age

51
Q

5-alpha-reductase inhibitors S/E

A
  1. postural hypotension
  2. dizziness
  3. sexual dysfunction
52
Q

cautions with 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors

A

they lower PSA, can mask elevations associated with malignancy

53
Q

PD5-Inhibitor examples

A
  1. sidenafil / viagra
  2. tadalafil / cialis
  3. vardenafil / levitra
54
Q

PD5-Inhibitor MOA

A

improves ability to attain and maintain an erection by enhancing vasodilating effect of nitrous oxide, increasing cGMP to allow smooth muscle relaxation and inflow of blood

Pharmacology (27 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions