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Pharmacology > Cholesterol Drugs > Flashcards

Cholesterol Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Statin Examples

A
  1. Atorvastatin (Lipitor)
  2. Simvastatin (Zocor)
  3. Pravastatin (Pravachol)
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2
Q

Statin MOA

A

HMG-CoA reductase (mediates first step of cholesterol synthesis) inhibitors –> decrease LDL

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3
Q

Statin Indications

A

Hyperlipidemia (first line)

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4
Q

Statin CIs

A
  1. Pregnancy - under no circumstances
  2. liver disease, hx alcoholism
  3. caution in pts who take red yeast rice supplements
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5
Q

Statin S/Es

A
  1. myalgias, muscle weakness
  2. myositis, rhabdomyolysis (brown urine, check CPK)
  3. hepatotoxicity
  4. depletion of coenzyme Q10
  5. photosensitivity
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6
Q

How long does it take to see effect of statins

A

4 weeks to see peak effects

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7
Q

patient ed for Statin regarding food

A

don’t drink grapefruit juice

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8
Q

Statin Drug interactions

A
  1. Fibrates
  2. Niacin
  3. Erythromycin
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9
Q

What do you have to check before starting statins

A

LFTs initially and then every 3-6 months

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10
Q

Cholesterol Absorption Inhibitor example

A

Ezetimibe (Zetia)

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11
Q

Cholesterol Absorption Inhibitor MOA

A

inhibits cholesterol absorption in small intestine

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12
Q

Cholesterol Absorption Inhibitor Indications

A

add-on therapy for hyperlipidemia (add to statin)

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13
Q

Cholesterol Absorption Inhibitor CIs

A

liver disease if given in addition to statin

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14
Q

Cholesterol Absorption Inhibitor S/E

A
  1. abdominal pain
  2. diarrhea
  3. arthralgia
  4. fatigue
  5. Serious: angioedema, increased LFTs, drug-induced myopathy, rhabdomyolysis
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15
Q

Cholesterol Absorption Inhibitor drug interactsion

A
  1. bile acid sequestrants
  2. cyclosporine (cancer drug)
  3. fibrates
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16
Q

Bile Acid Sequestrants Example

A

Cholestyramine (Questran/Prevalite)

17
Q

Bile Acid Sequestrants MOA

A

binds to bile acids and makes them insoluble so they are excreted in feces, lowers LDL but not as effectively as statin

18
Q

Bile Acid Sequestrants indications

A

hyperlipidemia

19
Q

Bile Acid Sequestrants CIs

A

hypertriglyceridemia
liver disease
hx of bowel obstruction or severe constipation

20
Q

Bile Acid Sequestrants S/E

A
  1. constipation
  2. bloatin
  3. gas
  4. nausea
  5. upper abdominal pain
  6. increase LFTs
  7. can cause Vitamin A, D, E, K deficiencies (fat soluble vitamins)
21
Q

Bile Acid Sequestrants prevent the absorption of…..

and when can you give these other medications in relation to Bile Acid Sequestrants

A
  1. thiazide diuretics
  2. furosemide/lasix
  3. propranolol
  4. digoxin
  5. warfarin
  6. fat-soluble vitamins
    - -> other drugs must be administered one hour before or 4 hours after giving medication
22
Q

Fibrates Indications

A

Hypertriglyceridemia

23
Q

Fibrates Examples

A

Gemfibrozil (Lopid)

Fenofibrate (Tricor)

24
Q

Fibrates MOA

A

inhibit peripheral lipolysis, inhibit LDL secretion

25
Q

Fibrates CIs

A

renal disease

gallbladder disease

26
Q

Fibrates S/E

A

Cholelithiasis (diarrhea, nausea)
pancreatitis
myopathy

27
Q

Niacin MOA

A

precursor of coenzyme that is used in lipid metabolism

28
Q

Niacin indications

A

hypercholesterolemia

low HDL

29
Q

Niacin contraindications

A

flushing
liver dysfunction
orthostatic hypotension
can worsen gout

30
Q

what can be given with niacin to prevent flushing?

A

aspirin or flush-free niacin

31
Q

Evolocumab (Repatha) drug class

A

monoclonal antibody inhibitor

32
Q

Evolocumab (Repatha) MOA

A

increase LDL clearance from blood

33
Q

monoclonal antibody inhibitor indications

A

primary hyperlipidemia, reduce risk of MI/stroke in pts with CAD
**have to fail statin therapy and secondary therapy + have hx of CAD to be cleared by insurance to get this drug

34
Q

monoclonal antibody inhibitor CI

A

hypersensitivity

35
Q

monoclonal antibody inhibitor SE

A

injection site pain/irritation

Pharmacology (27 decks)

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