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Pharmacology > Cough, Cold, Allergy > Flashcards

Cough, Cold, Allergy Flashcards

1
Q

What would you prescribe for cough?

A

Antitussives or expectorants

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2
Q

Antitussives MOA

A

block cough production via CNS, PNS, or both

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3
Q

Contraindications for antitussives

A

concurrent MAOI use

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4
Q

Types of Antitussives

A

OTC and opiates

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5
Q

Antitussives - Central Agents Examples

A

codeine, dextromethorphan (DM), hydrocodone

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6
Q

Antitussives - Central Agents MOA

A

block cough center in the medulla by elevating threshold for cough

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7
Q

Antitussives - Central Agents S/E

A
  1. opiates: sedation, constipation

2. DM: drowsiness, nausea, dizziness, high doses can cause HTN, respiratory depression, tachycardia

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8
Q

Antitussives - Peripheral Agents Examples

A

Camphor, eucalyptus, menthol (Vicks), benzonatate (tessalon perles)

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9
Q

Antitussives - Peripheral Agents MOA

A

anesthetize local peripheral nerve endings, soothe (demulcents)

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10
Q

Expectorants MOA

A

increase amount of fluid in respiratory tract, loosen mucus, clear irritants

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11
Q

Expectorants Contraindications

A

none

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12
Q

Expectorants Examples

A

Guiafenesin/Robitussin

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13
Q

Expectorants S/E

A

well tolerated

may have N/V, drowsiness at high doses

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14
Q

What can you give for colds?

A

Decongestants, others?

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15
Q

Decongestants MOA

A

pre-capillary blood vessel constriction

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16
Q

Decongestants Contraindications

A

concurrent MAOI use

–> HTN crisis

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17
Q

Decongestants S/E

A
  1. rebound nasal congestion = rhinitis medicamentosa

2. CNS stimulation - agitation, anxiety, insomnia, increase BP, urinary retention, dry mouth, sweating

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18
Q

Examples of Decongestants

A
  1. Direct agonists: phenylephrine/Sudafed PE, Dimetapp

2. Indirect Agonists: pseudoephedrine/sudafed

19
Q

What can you give for allergies?

A

H1 antagonists, mast cell stabilizers, leukotriene receptor antagonists, intranasal steroids

20
Q

Indications of H1 Antagonists

A

urticaria, allergic rhinitis, nasal sx from common cold, first generation for nausea

21
Q

H1 Antagonists MOA

A

block histamine-mediated allergic response cascade, 1st gen have anti-cholinergic capabilities

22
Q

H1 Antagonists Contraindications

A

none but do not use for acute anaphylactic reaction

23
Q

H1 Antagonists S/E

A

Drowsy (can be given as off label insomnia medication), 2nd gen not as sedating

24
Q

H1 Antagonists First Generation Examples

A

Benedryl, Atarax, Chlortrimeton, Periactin

25
Q

H1 Antagonists Second Generation Examples

A

Loratidine/Claritin, Cetirizine/Zyrtec, Fexofenadine/Allegra

26
Q

Mast Cell Stabilizers MOA

A

prevent degranulation of mast cells; inhibit release of proinflammatory factors

27
Q

Mast Cell Stabilizers Contraindications

28
Q

Route of administation

29
Q

Mast Cell Stabilizers indication

A

conditions w/ allergy component - asthma, rhinitis, conjunctivitis
systemic mastocytosis

30
Q

What are Mast Cell Stabilizers not used for?

A

acute therapy, acute anaphylactic reaction

31
Q

Mast Cell Stabilizers Examples

A

Cromolyn sodium (Nasal crom)

32
Q

Mast Cell Stabilizers S/E

A

generally well tolerated, cough from throat irritation, nasal irritation

33
Q

Indications for leukotriene receptor antagonists

A

allergic rhinitis, prevention of persistent asthma (not first line), exercise-induced bronchospasm

34
Q

LTRAs MOA

A

prevent release of leukotrienes, prevent bronchoconstriction, reduce inflammation

35
Q

LTRAs Contraindications

A

liver disease of any kind, not for acute asthma, only preventatively

36
Q

Examples of LTRAs

A

Montelukast (Singulair)

37
Q

Indications of intranasal steroids

A

allergic rhinitis, nasal congestion/sneezing/itching/rhinorrhea

38
Q

intranasal steroids MOA

A

inhibit pro-inflammatory cells, including basophils, mast cells, eosinophils, lymphocytes, macrophages

39
Q

Contraindications for intranasal steroids

A

hypersensitivity to any part of the medication

40
Q

Examples of intranasal steroids

A

Fluticasone/Flonase

Mometasone/Nasonex

41
Q

When is a good time to give intranasal steroids?

A

if patient cannot take decongestant because BP/HR side effects

42
Q

S/E of intranasal steroids

A

nosebleeds

43
Q

What should you definitely include in your patient education about intranasal steroids?

A

They will require continuous dosing to see response, slower response than antihistamines

44
Q

What could you prescribe a 2 year old with allergic rhinitis/nasal congestion?

A

Mometasone

Pharmacology (27 decks)

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