Renal Drugs

Question 1

Class of Acetazolamide?

Answer 1

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor

Question 2

Mechanism of action and effect of Acetazolamine?

Answer 2

Carbonic anhydrase causes the reabsorption of bicarbonate, sodium, and chloride. By inhibiting this enzyme, these ions are excreted, along with excess water.

Question 3

Which symporter does Acetazolamide inhibit? Effect?

Answer 3

Na+/HCO3- (sodium-bicarbonate) symporter–because Na+ and HCO3- are not taken back up into the bloodstream, they are excreted along with excess water

Question 4

Acetazolamide is a:

Answer 4

diuretic drug.

Question 5

Primary site of action of acetazolamide in the kidneys?

Answer 5

Proximal tubule

Question 6

Acetazolamide causes increased levels of what electrolytes in the filtrate?

Answer 6

Na+ and Cl- + bicarb

Question 7

A weak diuretic that reduces water reabsorption, treats glaucoma, reduces IOP, corrects metabolic alkalosis, prevents mountain sickness and aids in bicarb elimination

Answer 7

Acetazolamide

Question 8

What acid-base imbalance can Acetazolamide treat?

Answer 8

Metabolic alkalosis

Question 9

What eye problems can Acetazolamide treat?

Answer 9

Glaucoma + increased IOP

Question 10

Which drug can prevent mountain sickness?

Answer 10

Acetazolamide

Question 11

Acetazolamide will result in a hypersensitive reaction in those who are allergic to:

Answer 11

sulfonamides

Question 12

At toxic levels, acetazolamide can cause:

Answer 12

Metabolic acidosis + hypokalemia

Question 13

What drug may cause metabolic acidosis + hypokalemia at toxic levels?

Answer 13

Acetazolamide

Question 14

What kind of drug is mannitol?

Answer 14

Osmotic diuretic

Question 15

Site of action for mannitol?

Answer 15

Late proximal tubule + descending loop of Henle

Question 16

What drug acts on the late proximal tubule o+ descending loop of Henle of the kidney?

Answer 16

Mannitol

Question 17

What acute conditions can Mannitol treat?

Answer 17

Acute cerebral edema + acute renal failure

Question 18

Effect of mannitol on renal blood flow

Answer 18

Increases it

Question 19

Mannitol may cause extreme ________________ that leads to ____________.

Answer 19

Dehydration; hypokalemia

Question 20

Class of furosemide?

Answer 20

Loop diuretics

Question 21

Where does furosemide act?

Answer 21

On the Na+/K+/2Cl co-transporter on ascending loop of Henle

Question 22

How does furosemide act as a diuretic?

Answer 22

It binds to the Cl- channel so that Na+ and K+ and Cl- can leave the cell freely.

Question 23

Which drug is a best choice for patients in a chronic and severe volume expanded states?

Answer 23

Furosemide

Question 24

Name three negative side effects of furosemide:

Answer 24

Hypersensitivity reaction
Hypokalemia
Hypo Ca+ and Mg+
Ototoxicity

Question 25

What class of drug is HCTZ?

Answer 25

Thiazide

Question 26

On what receptor does HCTZ act?

Answer 26

Na+/Cl- cotransporter in the distal tubule

Question 27

Which drug can cause hypokalemia and hyperglycemia?

Answer 27

HCTZ

Question 28

Class of triamterene amiloride?

Answer 28

K-sparing diuretic

Question 29

Which diuretic is K-sparing?

Answer 29

Triamterene Amiloride

Question 30

Mechanism of action for Triamterene Amiloride

Answer 30

Inhibits Na+ chnnels in collecting duct

Question 31

Where do K+ sparing diuretics work?

Answer 31

Collecting duct of kidneys

Question 32

What type of drug is spironolactone?

Answer 32

Diuretic

Question 33

Mechanism of action of spironolactone?

Answer 33

Competitive antagonist of aldosterone receptors in collecting duct

Question 34

Spironolactone is a competitive antagonist of:

Answer 34

Aldosterone inhibitors in collecting duct

Question 35

What two drugs cause hyperkalemia instead of hypokalemia?

Answer 35

Triamterene Amiloride

Spironolactone