Local Anesthetics Flashcards
What type of local anesthetic is lidocaine?
Amide
Where is lidocaine metabolized?
In the liver
Lidocaine has an intermediate duration: as a local, its duration is __________ but as a spinal, it is _________.
Local: 30-60 minutes
Spinal: 2 hours
What type of local anesthetic is procaine?
Ester
Aother name for procaine?
Novocaine
How is procaine metabolized?
Via plasma enzymes
What is the half-life of procaine in plasma?
40 second plasma half-life = short duration
Which has a longer duration, procaine or lidocaine?
Lidocaine
Main use of procaine?
Infiltrate and regional anesthestics
Which local anesthetic will cause greater system toxicity?
Lidocaine (because it’s an amide)
Lidocaine toxicity with seizures is common when lidocaine is used in conjunction with:
Amiodarone
Metabolite of procaine?
PABA
Effect of PABA on sulfonamides?
Blocks them
What type of local anesthetic is tetracaine?
Ester
Duration of tetracaine?
Local: 30-60 minutes
Spinal: 2 hours
Similar to lidocaine
How is tetracaine metabolized?
Slow hydrolysis in the plasma
Main use of tetracaine?
Spinal, topical for nose and throat
Which ester is prone to higher system toxicity?
Tetracaine
Which local anesthetic tends to cause mucous membrane burning + urticaria?
Tetracaine
What is urticaria?
Hives
What type of local anesthetic is bupivicaine?
Amide
Bupivicaine is metabolized by the:
liver
Bupivicaine has a long duration; its half-life is __________ in adults
3.5 hours
As a regional anesthetic bupivicaine has a half life of _______ in adults and ______ in neonates.
3-9 hours in adults
> 8 hours in neonates
