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BAHS 505 > Local Anesthetics > Flashcards

Local Anesthetics Flashcards

1
Q

What type of local anesthetic is lidocaine?

A

Amide

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2
Q

Where is lidocaine metabolized?

A

In the liver

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3
Q

Lidocaine has an intermediate duration: as a local, its duration is __________ but as a spinal, it is _________.

A

Local: 30-60 minutes
Spinal: 2 hours

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4
Q

What type of local anesthetic is procaine?

A

Ester

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5
Q

Aother name for procaine?

A

Novocaine

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6
Q

How is procaine metabolized?

A

Via plasma enzymes

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7
Q

What is the half-life of procaine in plasma?

A

40 second plasma half-life = short duration

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8
Q

Which has a longer duration, procaine or lidocaine?

A

Lidocaine

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9
Q

Main use of procaine?

A

Infiltrate and regional anesthestics

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10
Q

Which local anesthetic will cause greater system toxicity?

A

Lidocaine (because it’s an amide)

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11
Q

Lidocaine toxicity with seizures is common when lidocaine is used in conjunction with:

A

Amiodarone

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12
Q

Metabolite of procaine?

A

PABA

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13
Q

Effect of PABA on sulfonamides?

A

Blocks them

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14
Q

What type of local anesthetic is tetracaine?

A

Ester

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15
Q

Duration of tetracaine?

A

Local: 30-60 minutes
Spinal: 2 hours
Similar to lidocaine

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16
Q

How is tetracaine metabolized?

A

Slow hydrolysis in the plasma

17
Q

Main use of tetracaine?

A

Spinal, topical for nose and throat

18
Q

Which ester is prone to higher system toxicity?

A

Tetracaine

19
Q

Which local anesthetic tends to cause mucous membrane burning + urticaria?

A

Tetracaine

20
Q

What is urticaria?

A

Hives

21
Q

What type of local anesthetic is bupivicaine?

A

Amide

22
Q

Bupivicaine is metabolized by the:

A

liver

23
Q

Bupivicaine has a long duration; its half-life is __________ in adults

A

3.5 hours

24
Q

As a regional anesthetic bupivicaine has a half life of _______ in adults and ______ in neonates.

A

3-9 hours in adults

> 8 hours in neonates

25
Q

Bupivicaine is often used in conjunction with opioids in:

A

epidurals

26
Q

Which local has more cardiac effects, lidocaine or bupivicaine?

A

Bupivicaine

27
Q

Bupivicaine tends to have more effects on the heart than lidocaine. Why is that?

A

It causes a slower dissociation for Na+ channels, which can lead to arrhythmias.

28
Q

In what way can bupivicaine cause arrhythmias?

A

Causes slower dissociation for Na+ channels

BAHS 505 (9 decks)

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