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BAHS 505 > GI drugs > Flashcards

GI drugs Flashcards

1
Q

What class of drug is Mylanta?

A

Antacid

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2
Q

What is the slow-track mechanism of Mylanta?

A

aluminum hydroxide

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3
Q

What is the fast-track mechanism of Mylanta?

A

magnesium hydroxide

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4
Q

What is the effect of Mylanta?

A

Neutralizes HCl in stomach

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5
Q

Which GI drug may have dangerous side effects from too much self administration?

A

Mylanta

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6
Q

What two GI drugs are antacids?

A

Mylanta + TUMS

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7
Q

What class of drug is TUMS?

A

antacid

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8
Q

What is the mechanism of action for non-systemic antacids?

A

They are generally not absorbed, and they act locally.

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9
Q

Overuse of TUMS may cause:

A

hypercalcemia, because TUMS contain calcium carbonate

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10
Q

Overuse of aluminum hydroxide may cause:

A

hypophophatemia

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11
Q

Overuse of what drug may cause hypercalcemia?

A

TUMS

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12
Q

Overuse of what drug may cause hypophosphatemia?

A

Aluminum hydroxide

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13
Q

Non-systemic antacids impairs acid-dependent absorption of drugs. What does this cause?

A

Rebound hyperacidity

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14
Q

Name three mucosal protectants.

A

Sucralfate
Bismuth subsalicylate
Misoprostol

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15
Q

Class of sucralfate?

A

Mucosal protectant

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16
Q

Which mucosal protectant is a sucrose-sulfate complex?

A

Sucralfate

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17
Q

Which drug reacts with stomach acid to polymerize?

A

Sucralfate

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18
Q

Which drug protects the intestinal mucosa from breakdown from acid and pepsin?

A

Sucralfate

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19
Q

Main action of sucralfate?

A

Protects mucosa from breakdown from acid and pepsin

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20
Q

Sucralfate supresses growth of:

A

H. pylori

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21
Q

What things does sucralfate bind to?

A

Selectively binds to ulcer
Binds proteins on cell surface
Binds to pepsin and bile salts

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22
Q

Which drug binds to ulcers, proteins on cell surface, pepsin and bile salts?

A

Sulcrafate

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23
Q

What activates sucralfate?

A

Stomach acid (pepsin)

24
Q

Class of bismuth subsalicylate?

A

Mucosal protectant

25
Q

In what way does bismuth subsalicylate protect the lining of the stomach?

A

Bactericidal

26
Q

Bismuth subsalicylate is an:

A

anti-inflammatory

27
Q

Which mucosal protectant is an anti-inflammatory?

A

Bismuth subsalicylate

28
Q

Why should you not take PeptoBismol for long periods of time?

A

Can cause black stools and toxicity

29
Q

Class of misoprostol?

A

Mucosal protectant

30
Q

Misoprostol mechanism of action?

A

Binds to prostaglandin receptors on parietal cells in the stomach

31
Q

Misoprostol is an ______________ of prostaglandin receptors.

A

Agonist

32
Q

Effects of misoprostal?

A

Reduces gastric acid secretions + increases mucus

33
Q

Why is misoprostal co-prescribed with NSAIDS?

A

They are preventative of the stomach ulcers that NSAIDS can cause.

34
Q

Which drugs is an H2 antihistamine?

A

Cimetidine

35
Q

Class of cimetidine?

A

H2 antagonist + antihistamine

36
Q

Effect of cimetidine?

A

Blocks acid secretion from parietal cells

37
Q

What does cimetidine inhibit? (Adverse effect)

A

Cytochrome P450

38
Q

Cimetidine causes an anti-androgenic effect called:

A

gynecomastia

39
Q

Which drug can result in gynecomastia?

A

Cimetidine

40
Q

What is gynecomastia?

A

“Man boobs”

41
Q

How do H2 receptor antagonists like Ranitidine, Famotidine, and Nizatidine differ from Cimetidine?

A

They lack the anti-androgenic effect, and they also do not inhibit cytochrome P450.

42
Q

Negative side effects of Cimetidine?

A

Inhibits cytochrome P450 + causes anti-adrenergic effects

43
Q

Besides Cimetidine, name three other H2 receptor antagonists that block acid secretion from parietal cells?

A

Famotidine
Ranitidine
Nizatidine

44
Q

Name all four H2 receptor antagonists.

A

Cimetidine
Famotidine
Ranitidine
Nizatidine

45
Q

Class of Omeprazole?

A

Selective + irreversible proton pump inhibitor

46
Q

Mechanism of action of Omeprazole?

A

Inhibits the H+/K+/ATPase pump on cell membrane of gastric parietal cells, decreasing H+ secretion

47
Q

Omeprazole is considered a prodrug because it is:

A

only active at a low pH (high acid environment)

48
Q

Omeprazole is metabolized in the _____________ via ____________.

A

liver; cytochrome P450

49
Q

Besides Omeprazole, name three proton pump inhibitors.

A

Lansoprazole, Rabeprozole, Esomeprazole

50
Q

All proton pump inhibitors are:

A

prodrugs, only active at low pH.

51
Q

Proton pump inhibitors are effective against what types of bacteria?

A

H. pylori

52
Q

Class of drug of amoxicillin, carithromycin, metronidazole?

A

Antibiotics

53
Q

Effect of antibiotics in relationship to gastric issues?

A

Antibiotics can eliminate H. Pylori, a bacteria that causes stomach ulcers

54
Q

What type of drug is used in triple therapy with proton pump inhibitors?

A

Antibiotics

55
Q

Name three antibiotics used to eradicate H. Pylori in the gut.

A

Amoxicillin
Carithromycin
Metronidazole

BAHS 505 (9 decks)

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