Contraceptives

Question 1

When people talk about “the pill,” they are referring to a medication of what class?

Answer 1

Estrogen/progestin combo pills

Question 2

Mechanism of “the pill”?

Answer 2

Fixed estrogen/progestin ratio

Question 3

How many periods a year do women have on “the pill”?

Answer 3

Four

Question 4

What is Lunelle?

Answer 4

A monthly injection for prevention of pregnancy

Question 5

Which contraceptive has highest risk of causing withdrawal bleeding?

Answer 5

Lunelle

Question 6

Which contraceptive has highest risk of causing blood clots?

Answer 6

Ortho Evra (transdermal patch)

Question 7

How much more likely are blood clots in patients with Ortho Evra (transdermal patch)?

Answer 7

3x more likely

Question 8

Why are patients more prone to blood clots while taking Ortho Evra (transdermal patch)?

Answer 8

There is 60% more estrogen in that contraceptive than others.

Question 9

Besides Ortho Evra, what other form of birth control may cause blood clots (as principal side effect)?

Answer 9

Nuvaring (vaginal insertion)

Question 10

What is Yasmin?

Answer 10

Synthetic progestin drospirenone, plus ethinylestradiol

Question 11

A contraceptive that is drospirenone, plus ethinylestradiol

Answer 11

Yasmin

Question 12

Which contraceptive works by decreasing thickness of uterine tissue?

Answer 12

Yasmin

Question 13

What are the benefits of Yasmin because it decreases the thickness of uterine tissue?

Answer 13

Patients who use it have a lower risk for endometrial cancer and also have lighter periods.

Question 14

What is the principal side effect of Yasmin?

Answer 14

Hyperkalemia

Question 15

In addition to hyperkalemia, Yasmin can cause:

Answer 15

Blood clots, depression, DVT, PE, stroke, heart attack

Question 16

Side effects include blood clots, hyperkalemia, depression, DVT, PE, stroke and heart attack

Answer 16

Yasmin

Question 17

Which contraceptive works by thickening cervical mucus and causing endometrial changes?

Answer 17

Progestin-only therapy

Question 18

If estrogens are poorly indicated in a patient, what option does she have?

Answer 18

Progestin-only therapy

Question 19

The minipill (Norethindrone acetate) is what type of contraceptive?

Answer 19

Progestin-only therapy

Question 20

Method of administration of minipill (norethindrone acetate)?

Answer 20

Oral, every day

Question 21

What type of contraceptive is Depo-Provera (Medroxyprogesterone acetate)?

Answer 21

Progestin-only therapy

Question 22

Method of administration of Depo-Provera (medroxyprogesterone acetate)?

Answer 22

IM every three months

Question 23

What type of contraceptive is Mirena (Levonorgestrel)?

Answer 23

Plan B

Question 24

What type of contraceptive is Implanon (Etonogestrel)?

Answer 24

Progestin-only therapy

Question 25

Method of administration of Implanon (Etonogestrel)?

Answer 25

Implanted under arm + lasts three years

Question 26

What is the other name for Plan B?

Answer 26

Levonogestrel (=Minera?)

Question 27

What are the two post-coital contraceptives?

Answer 27

Plan B and PrevenEC

Question 28

What is the effect of post-coital contraceptives?

Answer 28

Delays or prevents ovulation

Question 29

What is the other name for PrevenEC?

Answer 29

Ethinyl estradiol/levonorgestrel

Question 30

What type of drug is Clomiphene?

Answer 30

Fertility drug

Question 31

Name a fertility drug.

Answer 31

Clomiphene

Question 32

What class of drug is clomiphene?

Answer 32

Estrogen receptor antagonist

Question 33

How does clomiphene work?

Answer 33

It inhibits negative feedback effects on hypothalamus and anterior pituitary, inducing ovulation.

Question 34

What is mifepristone?

Answer 34

An abortion drug

Question 35

Name an abortion drug.

Answer 35

Mifepristone

Question 36

Mechanism of mifepristone?

Answer 36

Competitive antagonist of progesterone and glucocorticoid receptors

Question 37

How does mifepristone cause abortion?

Answer 37

Leads to endometrium shedding post-implantation

Question 38

What class is tamoxifen?

Answer 38

SERM: selective estrogen receptor modulator

Question 39

Tamoxifen mimics the affect of _____________ in some organs but not others.

Answer 39

estrogen

Question 40

Tamoxifen is a __________ __________ in breast tissue.

Answer 40

estrogen antagonist

Question 41

Purpose of tamoxifen?

Answer 41

Inhibits the proliferation of breast cancer

Question 42

What drug class is raloxifene?

Answer 42

SERM: selective estrogen receptor modulator

Question 43

Which drug is an estrogen antagonist in breast and uterine tissue but an agonist in bone?

Answer 43

Raloxifene

Question 44

Raloxifene is an estrogen ____________ in breast and uterine tissue.

Answer 44

antagonist

Question 45

Raloxifene is an estrogen ____________ in bone.

Answer 45

agonist

Question 46

Purposes of raloxifene?

Answer 46

Prevents menopausal osteoporosis + reduces risk of breast cancer

Question 47

What class of drug have protective affects against breast cancer?

Answer 47

SERMs