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BAHS 505 > Contraceptives > Flashcards

Contraceptives Flashcards

1
Q

When people talk about “the pill,” they are referring to a medication of what class?

A

Estrogen/progestin combo pills

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2
Q

Mechanism of “the pill”?

A

Fixed estrogen/progestin ratio

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3
Q

How many periods a year do women have on “the pill”?

A

Four

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4
Q

What is Lunelle?

A

A monthly injection for prevention of pregnancy

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5
Q

Which contraceptive has highest risk of causing withdrawal bleeding?

A

Lunelle

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6
Q

Which contraceptive has highest risk of causing blood clots?

A

Ortho Evra (transdermal patch)

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7
Q

How much more likely are blood clots in patients with Ortho Evra (transdermal patch)?

A

3x more likely

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8
Q

Why are patients more prone to blood clots while taking Ortho Evra (transdermal patch)?

A

There is 60% more estrogen in that contraceptive than others.

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9
Q

Besides Ortho Evra, what other form of birth control may cause blood clots (as principal side effect)?

A

Nuvaring (vaginal insertion)

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10
Q

What is Yasmin?

A

Synthetic progestin drospirenone, plus ethinylestradiol

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11
Q

A contraceptive that is drospirenone, plus ethinylestradiol

A

Yasmin

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12
Q

Which contraceptive works by decreasing thickness of uterine tissue?

A

Yasmin

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13
Q

What are the benefits of Yasmin because it decreases the thickness of uterine tissue?

A

Patients who use it have a lower risk for endometrial cancer and also have lighter periods.

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14
Q

What is the principal side effect of Yasmin?

A

Hyperkalemia

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15
Q

In addition to hyperkalemia, Yasmin can cause:

A

Blood clots, depression, DVT, PE, stroke, heart attack

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16
Q

Side effects include blood clots, hyperkalemia, depression, DVT, PE, stroke and heart attack

A

Yasmin

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17
Q

Which contraceptive works by thickening cervical mucus and causing endometrial changes?

A

Progestin-only therapy

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18
Q

If estrogens are poorly indicated in a patient, what option does she have?

A

Progestin-only therapy

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19
Q

The minipill (Norethindrone acetate) is what type of contraceptive?

A

Progestin-only therapy

20
Q

Method of administration of minipill (norethindrone acetate)?

A

Oral, every day

21
Q

What type of contraceptive is Depo-Provera (Medroxyprogesterone acetate)?

A

Progestin-only therapy

22
Q

Method of administration of Depo-Provera (medroxyprogesterone acetate)?

A

IM every three months

23
Q

What type of contraceptive is Mirena (Levonorgestrel)?

A

Plan B

24
Q

What type of contraceptive is Implanon (Etonogestrel)?

A

Progestin-only therapy

25
Q

Method of administration of Implanon (Etonogestrel)?

A

Implanted under arm + lasts three years

26
Q

What is the other name for Plan B?

A

Levonogestrel (=Minera?)

27
Q

What are the two post-coital contraceptives?

A

Plan B and PrevenEC

28
Q

What is the effect of post-coital contraceptives?

A

Delays or prevents ovulation

29
Q

What is the other name for PrevenEC?

A

Ethinyl estradiol/levonorgestrel

30
Q

What type of drug is Clomiphene?

A

Fertility drug

31
Q

Name a fertility drug.

A

Clomiphene

32
Q

What class of drug is clomiphene?

A

Estrogen receptor antagonist

33
Q

How does clomiphene work?

A

It inhibits negative feedback effects on hypothalamus and anterior pituitary, inducing ovulation.

34
Q

What is mifepristone?

A

An abortion drug

35
Q

Name an abortion drug.

A

Mifepristone

36
Q

Mechanism of mifepristone?

A

Competitive antagonist of progesterone and glucocorticoid receptors

37
Q

How does mifepristone cause abortion?

A

Leads to endometrium shedding post-implantation

38
Q

What class is tamoxifen?

A

SERM: selective estrogen receptor modulator

39
Q

Tamoxifen mimics the affect of _____________ in some organs but not others.

A

estrogen

40
Q

Tamoxifen is a __________ __________ in breast tissue.

A

estrogen antagonist

41
Q

Purpose of tamoxifen?

A

Inhibits the proliferation of breast cancer

42
Q

What drug class is raloxifene?

A

SERM: selective estrogen receptor modulator

43
Q

Which drug is an estrogen antagonist in breast and uterine tissue but an agonist in bone?

A

Raloxifene

44
Q

Raloxifene is an estrogen ____________ in breast and uterine tissue.

A

antagonist

45
Q

Raloxifene is an estrogen ____________ in bone.

A

agonist

46
Q

Purposes of raloxifene?

A

Prevents menopausal osteoporosis + reduces risk of breast cancer

47
Q

What class of drug have protective affects against breast cancer?

A

SERMs

BAHS 505 (9 decks)

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