renal/diuretics

Question 1

thiazides moa

Answer 1

Inhibit Na/Cl transporter

lower urine calcium so good for preventing calcium stones

Question 2

thiazide side effects

Answer 2

can cause hypokalemia (which can reduce urine citrate–>increased urine calcium –> stones). so you must give K with thiazides. waterloss metabollic alkalosis, increase glucose, sulfa allergy, pancreatitis, increase calcium

Question 3

furosemide

Answer 3

inhibit Na/K/Cl transporter

increases urinary calcium excretion so is contraindicated in a person with calcium stones

Question 4

furosemide (loop) side effect

Answer 4

water loss, metabolic alkalosis, hypokalemia, ototoxic, decrease Ca, sulfa allergy

Question 5

namte the drugs in loop category

Answer 5

furosemide, bemetanide, ethacrynic acid, torsemide

Question 6

carbonic anhydrase inhibitor aka acetazolamide MOA

Answer 6

inhibit carbonic anhydrase, increase H+ absorption, block Na/H exchange

Question 7

side effects of acetazolamide

Answer 7

hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis, sulfa allergy

Question 8

name the drugs in K sparing agents category

Answer 8

spironalactone, amiloride, triamterene

Question 9

moa of K sparing agents

Answer 9

Aldosterone receptor antagonist; block sodium channels (amiloride, triamterene)

Question 10

Treatment for pyelonepgritis

Answer 10

Ciprofloxacin