Cardio Pharm Flashcards
How do B Blockers work?
By decreasing the oxygen demand and the incidence of ventricular arrhythmia. They allow increased perfustion to cardiac tissue.
What is the relationship between ACEI and MI
Have a greater effect on a post MI pt with a decreased Ejection Fraction less than 40%
When is digoxin contraindicated and why?
Contraindicated post MI because increased ionotrope would mean more oxygen demand and we don’t want that with a patient who is having or is post MI.
Spironalactone has been shown to increase mortality in which patients?
Patients with Systolic heart failure (low ejection fraction)
who are beta blockers best for?
Post MI and patients with acute coronary syndrome. they decrease HR and BP which decrease strain on the heart and increases perfusion.
Drug of choice for hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy aka idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis. And why is this drug beneficial
beta blocker. It slows ventricular rate and allows an increase in ventricular filing time.
What is Ebtifibatide?
The drug is the third inhibitor of GPIIb/IIIa that has found broad acceptance after the specific antibody abciximab and the non-peptide tirofiban entered the global market.
Who should use Diltiazem?
Pts who have high BP and require rate control but cannot have b blocker (asthmatics, COPD). It is a CCB.
ACEI are good for those patients who have 1)?, 2), and 3)?
Diabetic nephropathy and CHF, post MI pts with left ventricular damage.
Why do ACEI improve survival in those with CHF
because they are an afterload reducer.
How does Nifedipine work?
peripheral vasodilator and decrease blood pressure
biggest side effect of nifedipine
reflex tacchycardia
side effects of diuretics
hypokalemia, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, hyperuricemia, azotemia
side effect of b block?ers
bronchospasm, bradycardia, CHF exaserbation, impotence, fatigue, depression
ACEI side effect
cough, rash, leukopenia, angioedema, hyperkalemia
What are the two categories of CCBs?
What are the side effects of each category.
dihydropyradines: headache, flushing, peripheral edema
non DHPs: decreased contractility
Name 2 Vasodilators and their side effects.
Hydralazine: Headache, Lupus like syndrome
Minoxidil: Orthostasis, Hirtsuism
a1adrenergic blocker side deffects
orthostatic hypotension
centrally acting adrenergic agonist side effects
methyldopa, clonodine
somnolence, orthostatic hypotension, impotence, rebound hypertenstion
electrical alternans is diagnostic of ?
pericardial effusion/cardiac tamponade
MOA of diuretics
decrease extracellular fluid volume and thereby decrease vascular resistance
How do b blockers work?
They decrease cardiac contractility and renin release
MOA of ACEI and ARBs
block aldosterone formation, reduce peripheral resistance, and salt/water retention
MOA of CCBs
decrease smooth muscle tone and cause vasodilation; may also decrease cardiac output
