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ANURBF MIDTERM > RENAL DISEASES PART 2 > Flashcards

RENAL DISEASES PART 2 Flashcards

1
Q
  • tubular dysfunciton
A

Fanconi’s Syndrome

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2
Q
  • maybe hereditary or metabolic
A

Fanconi’s Syndrome

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3
Q
  • generalized failure of tubular reabsorption
A

Fanconi’s Syndrome

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4
Q
  • acquired through exposure to toxic agents
A

Fanconi’s Syndrome

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5
Q
  • glycosuria w/ normal blood glucose
A

Fanconi’s Syndrome

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6
Q
  • decreased ADH (low water reabsorption - diluted urine due to larger amount of solvent; high urine output)
A

Diabetes Insipidus

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7
Q
  • inherited defect of tubular response to ADH
A

Diabetes Insipidus

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8
Q
  • may be acquired from medications (amphotericin B, lithium - to treat bipolar disorder)
A

Diabetes Insipidus

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9
Q
  • low sg (pale yellow urine color)
A

Diabetes Insipidus

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10
Q
  • 1.001 (not a urine except for DI)
A

Diabetes Insipidus

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11
Q
  • aka TAMM-HORSFALL PROTEIN
A

Uromodulin-associated kidney disease (UKD)

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12
Q
  • most abundant protein in human urine
A

Uromodulin-associated kidney disease (UKD)

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13
Q
  • RTE cells does not secrete normal uromodulin (replaced by abnormal cells that destroy RTE cells)
A

Uromodulin-associated kidney disease (UKD)

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14
Q
  • RTE cells > 2 per HPF (tubular damage)
A

Uromodulin-associated kidney disease (UKD)

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15
Q
  • HYPERURICEMIA - decreased uric acid
A

Uromodulin-associated kidney disease (UKD)

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16
Q
  • reached renal treshold: 160 to 180 mg/dL
A

Renal Glycosuria

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17
Q
  • rare condition where too much of the simple sugar glucose is removed to the urine
A

Renal Glycosuria

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18
Q
  • increased urine glucose due to defective tubular reabsorption
A

Renal Glycosuria

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19
Q
  • bladder inflammation/infection
A

Cystitis

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20
Q
  • bacterial infection of the urinary bladder
A

Cystitis

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21
Q
  • common in children and women
A

Cystitis

22
Q
  • with urine frequency and burning
A

Cystitis

23
Q
  • WITH BACTERIAL CASTS
A

Cystitis

24
Q
  • type of UTI that begins in the urethra or bladder and travels to one or both of your kidneys (urethra, to ureter, to the kidneys)
A

Acute Pyelonephritis

25
Q
  • ascending movement of bacteria from lower UTI into the renal tubules and interstitium due to obstruction of the renal calculi
A

Acute Pyelonephritis

26
Q
  • VISICOURETERAL REFLUX: from the uretra, urine refluxes towards ureter
A

Acute Pyelonephritis

27
Q
  • WBC cast finding is the primary diagnosis for both acute and chronic pyelonephritis
A

Acute Pyelonephritis

28
Q
  • WITH BACTERIAL CASTS AND BACTERIA
A

Acute Pyelonephritis

29
Q
  • most serious form of pyelonephritis
A

Chronic Pyelonephritis

30
Q
  • can result to permanent damage of renal tubules or chronic renal failure
A

Chronic Pyelonephritis

31
Q
  • CHRONIC GLOMERULONEPHRITIS: leads to renal failure
A

Chronic Pyelonephritis

32
Q
  • Findings:
  • Oliguria
  • Edema
  • Decreased renal dysfunction
  • Decreased GFR
A

Acute Interstitial Nephritis

33
Q
  • For diagnostic confirmation: DIFFERENTIAL LEUKOCYTE STAIN FOR INCREASED EOSINOPHILS
A

Acute Interstitial Nephritis

34
Q
  • HANSEL STAIN: eosinophil stain
A

Acute Interstitial Nephritis

35
Q
  • Sudden loss of renal function but reversible
A

Acute Renal Failure

36
Q
  • for modulating capillary blood flow and ultrafiltration surface area
A

MESANGIAL CELLS

37
Q
  • main absorption site
A

PROXIMAL CONVOLUTED TUBULES

38
Q
  • final urine concentration
A

COLLECTING DUCT

39
Q
  • lack of oxygen (odorless urine)
A

ISCHEMIA

40
Q
  • damage to RTE cells due to decreased blood flow
A

ISCHEMIA

41
Q
  • presence of toxic substances in the urinary filtrate
A

ISCHEMIA

42
Q
  • examples of decreased blood flow:
A
  1. Shock
43
Q
  • decrease flow of blood (ex. cardiac failure, sepsis)
A

Shock

44
Q

Differentiate the 3 types of renal diseases

A
  1. Glomerular - immune-mediated; immune mediated response
  2. Tubular - infection/inflammation or exposure to toxic substances; metabolic/hereditary; damaged reabsorption due to tubular damage
  3. Tubulointerstitial - infection/inflammation or exposure to toxic substances; infection and proliferation
45
Q

Isosthenuric urine

A
  • 1.010
46
Q
  • Abundance of waxy or granular or broad casts
A

Telescoped urine sediments

47
Q
  • Increased BUN and creatinine
A

Azotemia

48
Q
  • may vary in size
A

Calculi

49
Q
  • triple phosphate
A

Magnesium ammonium phosphate

50
Q
  • struvite: coffin-lid
A

Magnesium ammonium phosphate

51
Q
  • disintegrates fibers
A

Magnesium ammonium phosphate

52
Q

Uric acid crystals

A

Magnesium ammonium phosphate

ANURBF MIDTERM (10 decks)

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