RENAL DISEASES PART 2 Flashcards
1
Q
- tubular dysfunciton
A
Fanconi’s Syndrome
2
Q
- maybe hereditary or metabolic
A
Fanconi’s Syndrome
3
Q
- generalized failure of tubular reabsorption
A
Fanconi’s Syndrome
4
Q
- acquired through exposure to toxic agents
A
Fanconi’s Syndrome
5
Q
- glycosuria w/ normal blood glucose
A
Fanconi’s Syndrome
6
Q
- decreased ADH (low water reabsorption - diluted urine due to larger amount of solvent; high urine output)
A
Diabetes Insipidus
7
Q
- inherited defect of tubular response to ADH
A
Diabetes Insipidus
8
Q
- may be acquired from medications (amphotericin B, lithium - to treat bipolar disorder)
A
Diabetes Insipidus
9
Q
- low sg (pale yellow urine color)
A
Diabetes Insipidus
10
Q
- 1.001 (not a urine except for DI)
A
Diabetes Insipidus
11
Q
- aka TAMM-HORSFALL PROTEIN
A
Uromodulin-associated kidney disease (UKD)
12
Q
- most abundant protein in human urine
A
Uromodulin-associated kidney disease (UKD)
13
Q
- RTE cells does not secrete normal uromodulin (replaced by abnormal cells that destroy RTE cells)
A
Uromodulin-associated kidney disease (UKD)
14
Q
- RTE cells > 2 per HPF (tubular damage)
A
Uromodulin-associated kidney disease (UKD)
15
Q
- HYPERURICEMIA - decreased uric acid
A
Uromodulin-associated kidney disease (UKD)
16
Q
- reached renal treshold: 160 to 180 mg/dL
A
Renal Glycosuria
17
Q
- rare condition where too much of the simple sugar glucose is removed to the urine
A
Renal Glycosuria
18
Q
- increased urine glucose due to defective tubular reabsorption
A
Renal Glycosuria
19
Q
- bladder inflammation/infection
A
Cystitis
20
Q
- bacterial infection of the urinary bladder
A
Cystitis
21
Q
- common in children and women
A
Cystitis
22
Q
- with urine frequency and burning
A
Cystitis
23
Q
- WITH BACTERIAL CASTS
A
Cystitis
24
Q
- type of UTI that begins in the urethra or bladder and travels to one or both of your kidneys (urethra, to ureter, to the kidneys)
A
Acute Pyelonephritis
25
- ascending movement of bacteria from lower UTI into the renal tubules and interstitium due to obstruction of the renal calculi
Acute Pyelonephritis
26
- VISICOURETERAL REFLUX: from the uretra, urine refluxes towards ureter
Acute Pyelonephritis
27
- WBC cast finding is the primary diagnosis for both acute and chronic pyelonephritis
Acute Pyelonephritis
28
- WITH BACTERIAL CASTS AND BACTERIA
Acute Pyelonephritis
29
- most serious form of pyelonephritis
Chronic Pyelonephritis
30
- can result to permanent damage of renal tubules or chronic renal failure
Chronic Pyelonephritis
31
- CHRONIC GLOMERULONEPHRITIS: leads to renal failure
Chronic Pyelonephritis
32
- Findings:
- Oliguria
- Edema
- Decreased renal dysfunction
- Decreased GFR
Acute Interstitial Nephritis
33
- For diagnostic confirmation: DIFFERENTIAL LEUKOCYTE STAIN FOR INCREASED EOSINOPHILS
Acute Interstitial Nephritis
34
- HANSEL STAIN: eosinophil stain
Acute Interstitial Nephritis
35
- Sudden loss of renal function but reversible
Acute Renal Failure
36
- for modulating capillary blood flow and ultrafiltration surface area
MESANGIAL CELLS
37
- main absorption site
PROXIMAL CONVOLUTED TUBULES
38
- final urine concentration
COLLECTING DUCT
39
- lack of oxygen (odorless urine)
ISCHEMIA
40
- damage to RTE cells due to decreased blood flow
ISCHEMIA
41
- presence of toxic substances in the urinary filtrate
ISCHEMIA
42
- examples of decreased blood flow:
1. Shock
43
- decrease flow of blood (ex. cardiac failure, sepsis)
Shock
44
Differentiate the 3 types of renal diseases
1. Glomerular - immune-mediated; immune mediated response
2. Tubular - infection/inflammation or exposure to toxic substances; metabolic/hereditary; damaged reabsorption due to tubular damage
3. Tubulointerstitial - infection/inflammation or exposure to toxic substances; infection and proliferation
45
Isosthenuric urine
- 1.010
46
- Abundance of waxy or granular or broad casts
Telescoped urine sediments
47
- Increased BUN and creatinine
Azotemia
48
- may vary in size
Calculi
49
- triple phosphate
Magnesium ammonium phosphate
50
- struvite: coffin-lid
Magnesium ammonium phosphate
51
- disintegrates fibers
Magnesium ammonium phosphate
52
Uric acid crystals
Magnesium ammonium phosphate
