CRYSTALS (Crystalluria)

Question 1

formed by precipitation of urinary solutes (organic compounds, salts, medication, etc.)

Answer 1

CRYSTALS

Question 2

Factors affecting precipitation/that contribute to crystal formation:

Answer 2

Temperature
Solute concentration
pH

Question 3

CRYSTALS

Question 4

abnormal crystals may be [?] and reported per [?]

Answer 4

averaged
HPF

Question 5

Refrigerated specimens

Answer 5

Amorphous urates

Question 6

pH >5.5

Answer 6

Amorphous urates

Question 7

Clumps - formation of renal caliculi

Answer 7

Calcoum Oxalate (CaOx)

Question 8

Increased in food rich in oxalic acid (tomatoes, asparagus, amd ascorbic acid)

Answer 8

Calcoum Oxalate (CaOx)

Question 9

Calcoum Oxalate (CaOx) Forms:

Answer 9

Dihydrate (Wheddelite)
Monohydrate (Whewelite)

Question 10

• colorless, octahedral envelope or as two pyramids joined at their bases

Answer 10

Dihydrate (Wheddelite)

Question 11

(Wheddelite)

Answer 11

Dihydrate

Question 12

• oval or dumbbell shaped

Answer 12

Monohydrate (Whewelite)

Question 13

(Whewelite)

Answer 13

Monohydrate

Question 14

• ethylene glycol (antifreeze) poisoning

Answer 14

Monohydrate

Question 15

Pleomorphic - rhombic, four-sided flat plates (whetstones), wedges, and rosettes

Answer 15

Uric acid crystals

Question 16

Yellow-brown/colorless

Answer 16

Uric acid crystals

Question 17

Uric acid crystals Increased amounts:

Answer 17

Increased levels of purine and nucleic acid
Leukemia patients receiving chemotherapy
Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome (orange-sand in diapers)
Gout

Question 18

Refrigerated - white precipitate

Answer 18

Amorphous phosphate

Question 19

Yellow-brown thorny apples

Answer 19

Ammonium biurate

Question 20

Colorless, flat rectangular plates

Answer 20

Calcium phosphate/apatite

Question 21

Thin prisms often in rosette formation - resembles sulfonamide crystals

Answer 21

Calcium phosphate/apatite

Question 22

Colorless, prism-shape

Answer 22

Triple phosphate

Question 23

Feathery appearance when they disintegrate

Answer 23

Triple phosphate

Question 24

Color: Yellow-brown

Answer 24

Uric Acid

Question 25

Solubility in Solubility in ammonia: Soluble

Answer 25

Uric Acid

Question 26

Solubility in Solubility in HCl: Insoluble

Answer 26

Uric Acid

Question 27

Bifringence: Birefringent

Answer 27

Uric Acid

Question 28

Cyanide-nitroprusside reaction: Negative

Answer 28

Uric Acid

Question 29

Color: Colorless

Answer 29

Cystine

Question 30

Solubility in Solubility in ammonia: Soluble

Answer 30

Cystine

Question 31

Solubility in Solubility in HCl: Soluble

Answer 31

Cystine

Question 32

Bifringence: Not Birefringent

Answer 32

Cystine

Question 33

Cyanide-nitroprusside reaction: Positive

Answer 33

Cystine

Question 34

Cystine Clinical significance

Answer 34

Cystinuria Cystinosis

Question 35

- a metabolic disorder that prevents reabsorption of cystine by the renal tubules

Answer 35

Cystinuria

Question 36

- accumulation of cystine in cells

Answer 36

Cystinosis

Question 37

Rosettes, arrowheads, or round

Answer 37

Sulfonamide

Question 38

Possible tubular damage

Answer 38

Sulfonamide

Question 39

Mistaken as calcium phosphate crystals

Answer 39

Sulfonamide

Question 40

Lignin Test Newspaper: Urine + 25% HCl -> (+) Yellow

Answer 40

Sulfonamide

Question 41

Diazo reaction

Answer 41

Sulfonamide

Question 42

Precipitation of antibiotics following massive doses without adequate hydration

Answer 42

Ampicillin

Question 43

Fine colorless to yellow needles that frequently form clumps or rosettes

Answer 43

Tyrosine

Question 44

Usually seen in conjunction with leucine cyrstals in specimens with positive chemical test results for bilirubin

Answer 44

Tyrosine

Question 45

Inherited disorders of amino-acid metabolism

Answer 45

Tyrosine

Question 46

Hepatic disorders

Answer 46

Bilirubin

Question 47

Clumped needles of granules with the characteristic yellow color of [?]

Answer 47

Bilirubin