Renal Diseases Flashcards
what is glomerulonephritis?
injury to the glomeruli of the kidney
- results in glomerulus inflammation
- can be acute or chronic
what is glomerulonephritis often caused by?
immune complexes that build up as a result of bacterial infection of a system infection
what is pyelonephritis?
inflammation of the renal tubules
- results in
what is pyelonephritis often caused by?
untreated urinary tract infections
What is urea nitrogen?
a non-protein nitrogenous substance (NPN) found in serum
where and how is urea synthesised?
in the liver
it is converted from the excess ammonia left over from protein metabolism
what is Blood urea nitrogen (BUN)?
a retention test where the nitrogen portion of a urea sample that has been taken from the blood before the kidney has processed it
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)
- gradual loss of kidney function over time
- inefficient filtration of waste products and excess blood fluids
CKD Diagnosis
- high levels of serum creatinine
- decreased GFR
- Identification of kidney damage for over three months (proteinuria - high protein in urine - or hematuria - blood in urea)
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)
- sudden loss of kidney function
- often fixable
- can result from causes such as dehydration, medications, severe infections
AKI diagnosis
- High serum creatinine levels accumulated over a short period
- Decreased urine output (less volume)
Glomerulonephritis
injury to the glomeruli of the kidney
- results in glomerulus inflammation
- can be acute or chronic
- can result from infections, dehydration, autoimmune diseases
Glomerulonephritis diagnosis
Polycystic Kidney Disease (PKD)
Nephrolithiasis (Kidney stones)
