Definition Bank

Question 1

Albumin

Answer 1

protein in the blood that creates oncotic pressure to retain water in blood vessels and maintain fluid balance

Question 2

Edema

Answer 2

accumulation of water in tissues –> leads to swelling

Question 3

Hypoalbuminaemia

Answer 3

Low albumin levels and so a disruption to fluid balance

Question 4

hyperlipidaemia

Answer 4

high lipid concentration in blood
= less fatty acid binding
= altered drug metabolism
= reduced hormone efficacy

Question 5

Proteinuria

Answer 5

high protein in urine

Question 6

Hematuria

Answer 6

blood in urine

Question 7

glomerulonephritis

Answer 7

inflammation of the glomeruli
can be caused by infections, autoimmune diseases etc.

Question 8

acute disease

Answer 8

rapidly occur
have symptoms which recover once treated

Question 9

chronic disease

Answer 9

long-lasting and require on-going treatment
disrupt daily life

Question 10

Nephrolithasis

Answer 10

kidney stones

Question 11

tissue oedema

Answer 11

swelling caused by accumulation of water in tissues
= disruption to fluid balance

Question 12

nephrotic syndrome

Answer 12

kidney dysfunction

Question 13

diabetic nephropathy

Answer 13

kidney damage via diabetes

Question 14

neutrophil

Answer 14

a type of white blood cell (leukocytes) that act as your immune system’s first line of defence.

Question 15

lymphocyte proliferation

Question 16

cytokines

Answer 16

small proteins that control growth and activity of other immune system cells and blood cells
- they act as signal markers to initiate immune responses

Question 17

hyponatraemia

Answer 17

low Na+