OFTs Context and Pre-work Flashcards
what is cholesterol?
LDL cholesterol - low density lipoprotein cholesterol
why is LDL cholesterol referred to as ‘bad’ cholesterol?
high LDL levels build up in arteries
- causes atherosclerosis (arteries constrict and harden)
Where is LDL cholesterol produced and where is it released?
The liver
released into bloodstream
How is LDL cholesterol transported in the body?
- released into bloodstream from liver
- transports cholesterol to peripheral tissues and arteries
- Uptaken by cells of the arterial wall
— if too much is taken up, plaque builds and restricts blood flow – atherosclerosis
– heart attacks and strokes caused by plaque ruptures
why is HDL cholesterol considered ‘good’ cholesterol?
it helps remove cholesterol from the bloodstream, reducing the risk of atherosclerosis
How is HDL cholesterol transported in the body?
What is Bilirubin?
a yellow-orange pigment that is formed during haemoglobin breakdown
- waste product - can be toxic in high concentrations - disposed of in feces as bile after processing from the liver
How is Bilirubin formed?
how is bilirubin cleared?
What is ischeamia?
reduced blood supply to tissues
- shortage of oxygen and glucose
– reduced metabolism
List the mechanisms that cause Ischaemia
Atherosclerosis
Embolism
Thrombosis
Vasospasm
Hypotention
Inflammation
Arterial Dissection
Atherosclerosis causing Ischaemia:
buildup of plaque on the arterial walls, narrowing the lumen and restricting blood flow
- the plaque can also rupture, leading to clots that further restrict blood flow and can cause atherosclerosis
Embolism causing Ischaemia:
Thrombosis causing Ischaemia:
Vasospasm causing Ischaemia:
