Renal: Diagnostics/Imaging Flashcards
This lab:
used to measure renal function
freely filtered and excreted
creatinine (0.5-1.2)
This lab:
product of protein catabolism
elevated in dehydration, GI bleed, steroids/tetracyclines
less specific for kidney fxn, correlated with uremia
BUN (10-20)
This lab:
Marker for volume status
BUN/Cr ratio
This lab:
sum of filtration rates in all functioning nephrons
not measured directly
tracks progression of disease and for dosing meds
GFR
Normal GFR for men…
130
Normal GFR for women…
120
This lab:
helpful when dosing medications
approximates GFR
Cr clearance
These labs assess for what condition?
ANA
SLE
These labs assess for what condition?
C-ANCA, P-ANCA
granulomatosis w/ polyoangitis
These labs assess for what condition?
Anti-GBM Abs
Goodpasture Syndrome
These labs assess for what condition?
HBV, HCV
HIV
VDRL serology
Serum Complement
glomerulonephritis
These labs assess for what condition?
antistreptolysin O
post-strep glomerulonephritis
These labs assess for what condition?
SPEP
UPEP
multiple myeloma
These labs assess for what condition?
Cystatin G
estimate GFR
This lab:
screen for prostate cancer and disease progress
PSA
When should PSA screening be considered?
shared decision-making, around 50
high-risk 40-45
1st line test for renal/urinary issues…
UA
What type of casts?
glomerulonephritis
vasculitis
RBC
What type of casts?
tubulointerstitial disease
acute pylonephritis
glomerular disorder
WBC
What type of casts?
acute tubular necrosis
glomerulonephritis
Epithelial cell
What type of casts?
Hyaline
dehydration
This lab…
ID causative organism of UTI
sensitive abx
urine cx and sensitivity
This lab…
earliest clinically detectable stage of diabetic nephropathy
microalbumin
This lab…
seen in acute interstitial nephritis
urine eosinophils
This lab…
provides better quantitative measure of proteinuria or GFR
24 hr urine collection
This lab…
if you suspect multiple myeloma
can detect bence jones protein
UPEP
What are the 2 types of X-ray for renal issues?
abd. X-Ray
KUB
(supine and upright)
What is a limitation to KUB x-ray?
miss smaller stones, radiolucent stones, sones overlaying bony structures
What 3 things can KUB identify?
calcification
prostatic calculi
bladder distension
This is the TOC to exclude urinary tract obstruction
good initial test for abdominal flank pain
Renal US
This can evaluate renal vascular flow…
renal doppler US
Hypodense mass with internal echos on US indicates…
pylonephritis
What type of CT?
detect radiolucent stones not seen on KUB
non-contrast
What type of CT?
used to identify vascular problems
CT angiography
How long must metformin be held after contrast CT?
48 hrs
Triangular hypodense streaks are seen on Contrast CT spreading from pelvis to renal cortex… this can indicate…
bilateral pylonephritis
This imaging modality is gold standard for renal vein thrombosis
MRI
This imaging modality:
- size/shape of GU tract
- ID kidney stones/obstruction
- contrast X-ray
- measures excretory fxn through length of time for contrast passage
IVP
String of pearls appearing on renal angiography…
fibromuscular dysplasia
This imaging modality:
Bladder filled with contrast
X-ray taken to visualize in bladder
visualizes primary bladder conditions better than IVP
cystourethrogram
This imaging modality can detect:
VIR
Distortion of bladder
fistula
perf
cystourethrogram
Is post-procedure hematuria expected with cystoscopy? for how long?
yes, clear in 3 voids
This imaging is indicated for:
- assess bladder/ureteral involvement due to malignancy
- evaluate urogynecologic conditions
- dx intrinsic bladder disease
cystoscopy
Imaging modality for testicular pathology…
testicular US
Imaging performed transrectally that can help detect prostate cancer with increased PSA
prostate US
