renal cancer

Question 1

what are angiomyolipomas of the kidney

Answer 1

benign - Blood vessels, immature smooth muscle and fat

Question 2

what are angiomyolipomas accos with

Answer 2

tuberous sclerosis

Question 3

who gets angiomyolipoma

Answer 3

middle aged females

Question 4

what complication can occur with angiomyolipoma

Answer 4

massive bleeding (10%) - wunderlich syndrome

Question 5

invx angiomyolipoma

Answer 5

USS = bright echo // CT = fatty, vascular tumour

Question 6

mx angiomyolipoma

Answer 6

if >4cm consider resection/ partial nephrectomy

Question 7

what is a Oncocytoma

Answer 7

benign - central scar + eosinophils

Question 8

invx Oncocytoma

Answer 8

CT = spokes wheel

Question 9

what is the most common renal cancer

Answer 9

renal cell carcinoma (hypernephroma) - 85%

Question 10

RF renal cell carcinoma

Answer 10

middle aged men // smoking // von hippel lindau // tuberous sclerosis // (ADPKD) // obesity

Question 11

triad renal cell cancer

Answer 11

hamaturia // loin pain // abdo mass

Question 12

other renal cancer symptoms

Answer 12

fever // endocrine disorders // paraneoplastic syndrome // left sided varicocele

Question 13

what endocrine symptoms can be seen in renal carcinoma

Answer 13

EPO –> polycythaemia // PTH –> hypercalcaemia // ATCH –> cushings

Question 14

what paraneoplastic syndrome is most common with renal cancer

Answer 14

hepatic dysfunction - stauffner syndrome = cholestasis/ hepatopsplenomegaly

Question 15

most –> least common renal cancer subtype

Answer 15

clear cell (80%) –> papillary –> chromophobe –> collecting duct

Question 16

staging renal cancer

Answer 16

T1 = <7cm + confined to kidney // T2= >7cm + confined to kidney // T3 = beyond kidney to veins, perinephric fat // T4 = beyond gerotas fascia (+adrenals)

Question 17

invx renal cancer

Answer 17

CT // (USS, FBC, U+Es_

Question 18

where do kidneys met too

Answer 18

lung, brain, bone

Question 19

mx for confined renal cancer

Answer 19

T1 <7cm = partial nephrectomy // radical nephrectomy (gold standard) for bigger tumours // sucessful resection does not need aany adjuvant

Question 20

adjuvant mx renal cell carinoma

Answer 20

chemo - alpha interferon, interleukin, receptor tyosine

Question 21

who usually gets nephroblastoma (Wilms)

Answer 21

children <4

Question 22

best prognosis nephroblastoma

Answer 22

<1

Question 23

symptoms nephroblastoma

Answer 23

haematuria, fever, mass, raised BP

Question 24

where does nephroblastoma met too

Answer 24

lung

Question 25

mx nephroblastoma

Answer 25

nephrectomy (+ chemo)

Question 26

what is a neuroblastoma

Answer 26

most common extra-cranial childhood tumour // immature nerve cells

Question 27

where do neuroblastoma

Answer 27

kidney or adrenals

Question 28

age neuroblastoma

Answer 28

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