meds Flashcards
when is EPO produced
hypoxia
main uses EPO
anaemia from CKD + cytotoxic therapy
SE EPO
hypertension –> encephalopathy + seizures // bone ache // flu symptoms // rash // red cell aplasia // thrombosis // iron deficiency
causes of failure to respond to EPO
iron deficiency // infection // hyperparathyroid // aluniminium toxicity
where do loop diuretics act
thick, ascending loop of Henle
mechanism Loop diuretics
block Na/K/Cl cotransporter // reduces absorption of NaCl
SE loops
hypo- ca, mg, K, Na // hypotension // hearing loss // gout
examples loops
Furosemide and bumetanide
where do thiazides act
early distal tubule
mechanism thiazides
Block Na/Cl –> increases Na concentration in urine
SE thiazides
hypo K, Na // HYPERCa // gout // impaired glucose tolerance // impotence // pancreatitis // agranulocytosis
examples thiazides
indapamide and chlortalidone, Bendroflumethiazide, (-thiazide) - used for mild HF
mechanism amiloride and triameterne
K sparing diuretics // block Na channels in distal tubule
mechanism spirinolactone (+ eplerone) + where do they work
aldosterone antagnost (block action) in collecting duct
indications K sparing diuretics
with other diuretics to prevent hypokalaemia
indications spirinolactone
ascites // resistant HTN // HF (NYHA III or IV) // nephrotic syndrome
SE spirnolactone
hyperkalaemia // gynaecomastia –> switch to elperonone
mechanism carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
increase excretion HCO3 (+Na, K, Cl)
indication Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
glaucoma, prophylaxis altitude sickness
example Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
Acetazolamide
mechansim Vaptans
act as competitive inhibitor ADH to prevent water reabsorption (encourage excretion)
mechanism SGLT2 inhiitors
inhibit SGLT2 transporter in proximal tubule –> excretion of glucose
SE SGLT2i’s
infection // lower limb amputation
benifits SGLT2i
weight loss, good for CVD
