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FINALS RENAL + UROLOGY > infection > Flashcards

infection Flashcards

1
Q

what is a lower UTI

A

confined to bladder

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2
Q

who usually gets UTIs

A

sexually active women + catheterised patients

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3
Q

what bacteria usually resides in urinary tract

A

all sterile apart from lower end of urethra (gut coliforms)

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4
Q

symptoms UTI

A

dysuria, frequency, smelling, abdo pain, low grade fever, eldery = confused

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5
Q

dipstick UTI findings

A

leukocytes or nitrite + RBC

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6
Q

what patients is dipstick UTI diagnosis not appropriate

A

women >65, men, catheterised patients

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7
Q

how is a urine sample collected for UTI + in what container

A

mid stream // boric acid keeps it for 24 hours // universal container –> lab within 2 hours

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8
Q

which patients should urine cultures be sent for

A

women >65, recurrent UTI, pregnant, men, haematuria

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9
Q

what bacteria usually causes UTI

A

Ecoli

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10
Q

what is urethral syndrome

A

abacterial UTI // early UTI, honeymoon cystitis, STI

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11
Q

mx for asymptomatic bacteriuria

A

none - unless pregnant (V common in catheterised patients)

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12
Q

1st line mx non-pregnant UTI

A

trimethroprim or nitro 3 days

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13
Q

mx UTI pregnant women

A

1 = nitrofuratonin (1+2 tri) // 2 = amox or ceflaxelin

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14
Q

when should trimethroprim be avoided in pregnancy

A

first semester teratogenic

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15
Q

mx asymptomatic bacteruria pregnant women

A

nitro, amox or ceflalexin 7 days

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16
Q

what follow up is needed after mx asymptomatic bacteruria pregnant women

A

–> urine culture to test of cure

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17
Q

men UTI mx

A

trimethroprim or nitro 7 days (no urology referral needed if uncomplicated)

18
Q

mx catheter UTI

A

only treat if symptomatic // 7 day abx // change catheter

19
Q

causes acute pyelonephritis

A

1 = E.coli // klebsiella, enterococcus // rare pseudomonas or proteus

20
Q

symptoms acute pyelonephritis

A

fever, loin pain, N+V, history UTI

21
Q

invx acute pyelonephritis

A

mid stream urine sample

22
Q

mx acute pyelonephritis

A

cephalosporin eg ceftriaxone, cephalexin // quinolone eg ciprofloxacin // 7-10 days

23
Q

symptoms proteus pyelonephritis

A

can cause kidney stones, burnt chocolate urine smell, swarn culture

24
Q

mx pseudomonas acute pyelonephritis

A

cirpoflocaxin

25
Q

what abx can be used 1st line for UTI

A

nitro, trimeth, amox, gent

26
Q

what is Emphysematous pyelonephritis

A

necrotising infection of renal parenchyma

27
Q

what usually causes Emphysematous pyelonephritis

A

gas forming eg e.coli or klebsiella

28
Q

who can get Emphysematous pyelonephritis

A

diabetics, uteric obstruction

29
Q

invx + mx Emphysematous pyelonephritis

A

CT –> nephrectomy

30
Q

what cause prostatitis

A

E.coli via urethra –> prostate

31
Q

RF prostatitis

A

UTI, urogenital instrument, bladder catheter, biopsy

32
Q

symptoms prostatitis

A

referred, obstructive voiding, fever, PR = tender, boggy prostate

33
Q

mx prostatitis

A

screen STI, cipro 14 days

34
Q

what is Schistosomiasis

A

parasitic flatworm infection of bladder

35
Q

acute symptoms Schistosomiasis

A

itch, fever, urticaria + angioedema, arthalgia or myalgia, cough, diarrhoa

36
Q

bloods acute Schistosomiasis

A

eosinophilia

37
Q

what is chronic Schistosomiasis

A

eggs in bladder –> obstruction + kidney damage

38
Q

symptoms chronic Schistosomiasis

A

frequency, haematuria, bladder calcification on Xray

39
Q

inxv Schistosomiasis

A

serum shistosome (asymptomatic) // gold standard = bladder or stool micropscopy

40
Q

mx Schistosomiasis

A

single dose oral praziquantel

FINALS RENAL + UROLOGY (16 decks)

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