infection Flashcards
what is a lower UTI
confined to bladder
who usually gets UTIs
sexually active women + catheterised patients
what bacteria usually resides in urinary tract
all sterile apart from lower end of urethra (gut coliforms)
symptoms UTI
dysuria, frequency, smelling, abdo pain, low grade fever, eldery = confused
dipstick UTI findings
leukocytes or nitrite + RBC
what patients is dipstick UTI diagnosis not appropriate
women >65, men, catheterised patients
how is a urine sample collected for UTI + in what container
mid stream // boric acid keeps it for 24 hours // universal container –> lab within 2 hours
which patients should urine cultures be sent for
women >65, recurrent UTI, pregnant, men, haematuria
what bacteria usually causes UTI
Ecoli
what is urethral syndrome
abacterial UTI // early UTI, honeymoon cystitis, STI
mx for asymptomatic bacteriuria
none - unless pregnant (V common in catheterised patients)
1st line mx non-pregnant UTI
trimethroprim or nitro 3 days
mx UTI pregnant women
1 = nitrofuratonin (1+2 tri) // 2 = amox or ceflaxelin
when should trimethroprim be avoided in pregnancy
first semester teratogenic
mx asymptomatic bacteruria pregnant women
nitro, amox or ceflalexin 7 days
what follow up is needed after mx asymptomatic bacteruria pregnant women
–> urine culture to test of cure
men UTI mx
trimethroprim or nitro 7 days (no urology referral needed if uncomplicated)
mx catheter UTI
only treat if symptomatic // 7 day abx // change catheter
causes acute pyelonephritis
1 = E.coli // klebsiella, enterococcus // rare pseudomonas or proteus
symptoms acute pyelonephritis
fever, loin pain, N+V, history UTI
invx acute pyelonephritis
mid stream urine sample
mx acute pyelonephritis
cephalosporin eg ceftriaxone, cephalexin // quinolone eg ciprofloxacin // 7-10 days
symptoms proteus pyelonephritis
can cause kidney stones, burnt chocolate urine smell, swarn culture
mx pseudomonas acute pyelonephritis
cirpoflocaxin
