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Sem 2 Year 2 > Renal anatomy > Flashcards

Renal anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What ribs sit behind the kidneys?

A

Left= Ribs 11 and 12
Right= Rib 12

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2
Q

What kidney sits lower?

A

Right

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3
Q

What vertebral level are the hila of the kidney located at?

A

Left= L1/L2
Right= L2

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4
Q

What musculature are the kidneys surrounded by?

A

The diaphragm (postero-superiorly)
Transverse abdominis (abdominal muscles)
Quadratus lumborum
Psoas major and minor

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5
Q

What are the missing labels?

A
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6
Q

What are the missing labels?

A
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7
Q

What is the name of the fat that sits inwith and outwith the renal fascia capsule?

A

Outwith= paranephric fat
Inwith= perinephric fat

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8
Q

What are the labels on the diagram?

A
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9
Q

What are the two surfaces, 2 borders and 2 poles of the kidney?

A

Surfaces= anterior and posterior
2 borders= medial and lateral
2 poles= superior and inferior

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9
Q

What are the missing labels?

A
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10
Q

What is the direction that urine takes through the kidney?

A

Cortex > medulla > papilla > minor calyx > major calyx > renal pelvis > ureter

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11
Q

What is the tip of the renal medulla called?

A

Renal papilla

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12
Q

What are the missing labels?

A
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13
Q

How does the venous structure to the kidney sit in comparison to the arterial system?

A

Venous structures sit anteriorly, crosses anteriorly over aorta. Travels under superior mesenteric artery

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14
Q

What are the missing labels for the diagram?

A
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15
Q

Where are are the three constrictions in the ureter?

A

Ureopelvic junction, crossing belvic brim/ common iliac bifurcation and at the entrance to the bladder

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16
Q

How do the ureters complete their function?

A

Via gravity and peristalsis

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17
Q

What is the trigone?

A

Triangular shaped area in the bladder that is non-contractile.
Located between the openings of urethra and two urethral openings
Ensures the openings do not become occluded when the bladder empties

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18
Q

Where does the bladder get its blood supply from?

A

The anterior trunk of the internal iliac artery- via the superior vesical artery and the inferior vesical artery/ vaginal artery

19
Q

What is the anatomy of the female urethra?

A

Short and straight, exits at urethra opening between labia minoria

20
Q

What is the anatomy of the male urethra?

A

Urethra passes through prostate and exits at the external urethral orifice located at the glans of the penis
Has two curvatures:
Infra-pubic (anterior) at bulb of penis
Pre-pubic (inferior) at base of penis (when flaccid)

21
Q

What are the 4 stages of the male urethra?

A
22
Q

What structures does the filtrate pass through, from the renal corpsucle to the renal papilla?

A

Renal corpsule (glomerulus and Bowman’s capsule) > proximal convoluted tubule > loop of henle descending > loop of henle descending > distal convoluted tubule > collecting duct > renal papilla

23
Q

What is the difference between the cortex and the medulla in histology?

A

Cortex= dark staining
Medulla= lighter staining

24
Q

What are the missing labels on the kidney histology from a monkey?

A
25
Q

What are the labels on the kidney microanatomy?

A
26
Q

What are medullary rays?

A

Collection of tubules and ducts that travel together through into the medulla

27
Q

What is the vasa recta?

A

Run parallel to the loops of Henle- continuation of the feeder arteriole that supplies the glomerulus

28
Q

What are the labels on this histology of the kidney?

A
29
Q

What are the 3 labels on this histology of part of the urinary system wall?

A
30
Q

What are the labels of the ureter histology?

A
31
Q

What organ comes into contact with the kidneys at each of the numbers?

A
32
Q

What are the renal columns?

A

The renal columns are connective tissue extensions that radiate downward from the cortex through the medulla to separate the most characteristic features of the medulla, the renal pyramids and renal papillae.

33
Q

Finish the passage:
The _____ renal vein is relatively long and can be found travelling ___________to the abdominal aorta, while the ______renal vein travels directly and is relatively short. Conversely, the _____renal artery is the longer vessel, and can be found passing ________to the IVC. The _____ renal artery is comparatively shorter, and passes directly towards the left kidney

A

So, the left renal vein is relatively long and can be found travelling anterior to the abdominal aorta, while the right renal vein travels directly and is relatively short. Conversely. The right renal artery is the longer vessel, and can be found passing posterior to the IVC. The left renal artery is comparatively shorter, and passes directly towards the left kidney.

34
Q

What are the labels?

A
35
Q

What are the following blood vessels?

A
36
Q

What is darker staining; the cortex or medulla of the kidney?

A

Medulla is lighter in colour than the cortex

37
Q

What are the missing labels?

A
38
Q

What are the missing labels?

A
39
Q

What are the missing labels?

A
40
Q

What are the muscles in bladder wall called and what type of muscle are they?

A

Detrusor muscle- smooth muscle

41
Q

What aspects of the bladder are controlled by the parasympathetic and voluntary nervous system?

A

Parasympathetic= detrusor muscle and internal urethral sphincter
Voluntary= external urethral sphincter

42
Q

What are the labels?

A
43
Q

What is the object in the blue circle?

A

A uteric stone obstructing the right ureter

44
Q

What is a bifed ureter or a duplex system?

A

Where the ureter splits into 2

45
Q

What are the missing labels?

A
46
Q

What are the missing labels?

A

Sem 2 Year 2 (16 decks)

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