Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

med > renal > Flashcards

renal Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 5 functions of the kidney?

A 
Fluid balance
Toxin secretion
Controls anaemia
Regulates acid-base balance
BP control
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the three types of renal replacement therapy?

A

Haemodialysis
Peritoneal dialysis
Kidney transplant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the main causes of CKD?

A

Diabetes
Glomerulonephritis
Hypertension/renovascular disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Which drug is given first line to prevent progression of CKD?

A

ACE-Is

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the two mechanisms by which CKD causes anaemia?

A

Decreased absorption of iron from gut

Decreased EPO synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How can anaemia in CKD be treated?

A

IV iron

Erythropoietin stimulating agents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How does CKD cause bone disorders?

A

Increased serum phosphate

Decreased hydroxylation of vitamin D

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How do you treat bone disease in CKD?

A

Give phosphate binders if phosphate high
Vit D supplements (cholecalciferol)

Calcitriol given if PTH 3 times normal limit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Which drug used to tx infections falsely lowers eGFR?

A

Trimethoprim

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which common drugs cause hypokalaemia?

A

Loop and thiazide diuretics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Which common drugs cause hyperkalaemia?

A

Spironolactone
ACE-I
ARB

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What triad of symptoms is associated with pyelonephritis?

A

Loin pain
Fever
Renal tenderness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Which cancer can px with a left sided varicocele on exam?

A

Renal cell carcinoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What system is used to evaluate the risk of malignancy in renal cysts?

A

Bozniak classification

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the criteria for stage 1 AKI?

A

Serum creatinine 1.5-1.9 x baseline

UO < 0.5ml/kg/hr for 6-12h

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the commonest causes of AKI/

A

1) Sepsis
2) Major surgery
3) Cardiogenic shock
4) Hypovolaemia
5) Drugs
6) Hepatorenal syndrome
7) Obstruction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the most common cause of nephritic syndrome?

A

Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis

18
Q

What are the features of nephrotic syndrome?

A 
Heavy proteinuria (>3g/24h)
Hypoalbuminaemia
Oedema
Hyperlipidaemia
Hypercoagubility
19
Q

How is nephrotic syndrome managed?

A

1) Tx oedema - diuretics, fluid and salt restrict
2) Tx cause (adults = biopsy, children = tx as minimal change)
3) ACE-I t reduce proteinuria

20
Q

What are the comps of nephrotic syndrome?

A

Infection

thromboembolism (need LMWH and warfarin)

21
Q

Does diabetes cause a nephrotic or nephritic syndrome?

A

Nephrotic

22
Q

Which drugs are nephrotoxic?

A

NSAIDs
ARBs
ACE-I
aminoglycosides

23
Q

What are the indications for starting RRT?

A

Hyperkalaemia
Acidosis
Uraemic complications
Fluid overload

24
Q

Which drugs do you stop in patients in or at risk of AKI/ prior to giving contrast?

A 
DAMN
Diuretics
ACE-I/ARB
Metformin
NSAIDS
25
Q

What is the time for peak creatinine post contrast?

A

72 hours

26
Q

What is the threshold Hb level for transfusion?

A

70

27
Q

What are the comps of myeloma?

A

Hypercalcaemia
Spinal cord compression
Hyperviscosity (reduced cognition, disturbed vision)
Acute renal injury

28
Q

Factors affecting creatine level

A

Muscle mass

Drugs (e.g. trimethoprim)

29
Q

What are the most common causes of rapidly progressing glomerulonephritis?

A

Small vessel/ANCA vasculitis
Lupus nephritis
Anti-GBM nephritis

30
Q

What insulin/dextrose regime to you give in hyperkalaemia?

A

10u actrapid with 250ml 10% glucose

31
Q

What do you do with LMWH dose if patient is in AKI?

A

Half dose

32
Q

What do you do with LMWH dose for PE tx if pt just gone into AKI?

A

Switch to unfractionated heparin as easier to monitor APTT value and doesn’t require dose adjustment in renal failure
(LMWH requires factor 10a monitoring - not routinely done)

33
Q

What do you do with furosemide if pt in AKI?

A

Diuretics not nephrotoxic

Decision to stop depends on volume status of patient (only stop if suspect hypovolaemia)

34
Q

When should you stop amlodipine in AKI?

A

Only stop if BP low

35
Q

How do you manage phenytoin levels in a patient in AKI?

A

Risk of toxicity therefore monitor levels

36
Q

What do you do if a patient on gentamicin develops AKI?

A

Stop it and use another abx (e.g. tazocin, meropenem)

37
Q

What to do with diclofenac in pt with AKI?

A

STOP

38
Q

What to do with morphine sulphate if a patient develops AKI?

A

Stop as renally excreted (risk of resp and CNS depression)
Fentanyl (preferred) and oxycodone safe alternatives
Paracetamol also safe

39
Q

What do you do with acyclovir dose if a pt develops AKI?

A

HALVE DOSE

renally excreted therefore can accumulate and cause neurological comps such as seizures

40
Q

What to do with flucloxacillin dose in AKI?

A

Renally excreted therefore can accumulate and cause seizures

Consider cutting down

41
Q

What do you do with prednisolone in a patient on long term steroids who develops AKI?

A

DOUBLE DOSE

42
Q

Which group of patients will deteriorate rapidly when started on an ACE-I to preserve renal function?

A

Pt with renal artery stenosis

med (25 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions