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med > Paeds > Flashcards

Paeds Flashcards

1
Q

Features of TOF

A

Pulmonary stenosis
VSD
Overriding aorta
RVH

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2
Q

Whats the tx for severe croup?

A

Oral dexamethasone

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3
Q

Which organism causes acute epiglottitis?

A

Haemophilus influenza B (hib B)

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4
Q

Whats tx for acute epiglottitis?

A

Intubation

IV cefuroxime

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5
Q

How do you diagnose whooping cough?

A

Per nasal swab culture

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6
Q

How is whooping cough treated?

A

Azithromycin/erythromycin and school exclusion

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7
Q

What drug can be used to prevent bronchiolitis in susceptible individuals?

A

Palivizumab

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8
Q

Causes of stridor

A

Croup
Epiglottitis
Foreign body
Anaphylaxis

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9
Q

What is ABG finding in pyloric stenosis?

A

Hypochloraemic hypokalaemic metabolic alkalosis

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10
Q

How is pyloric stenosis tx?

A

Ramstedts pyloromyotomy

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11
Q

What Ix will diagnose intussuception?

A

USS abdo

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12
Q

What is curative tx for intussusception?

A

Rectal air insufflation

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13
Q

What should you first suspect in a baby presenting with bilious vomiting in first days of life?

A

Intestinal malrotation

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14
Q

How is malrotation dx?

A

Upper GI contrast study/ USS abdo

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15
Q

3 signs of necrotising enterocolitis on AXR

A

Distended loops of bowel
Intramural gas
Football sign

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16
Q

How is NEC first treated?

A

Stop oral feeds (always need parenteral nutrition)

Broad spectrum abx

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17
Q

How is Hirschsprungs disease diagnosed?

A

Suction rectal biopsy

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18
Q

When is jaundice in a neonate considered serious?

A

<24hours

>2 weeks

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19
Q

What are the causes of jaundice lasting longer than 2 weeks?

A

Biliary atresia

Neonatal hepatitis

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20
Q

What test can be done in a neonate to test for autoimmune haemolytic anaemia?

A

Coombs test

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21
Q

What causes jaundice in the first 24 hours?

A

Rhesus haemolytic disease
ABO haemolytic disease
Hereditary spherocytosis
G6PD deficiency

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22
Q

Criteria for nephrotic syndrome

A

Hypoalbuminaemia (<25/L)
Proteinuria
Oedema

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23
Q

What does a raised conjugated bilirubin at 2 weeks suggest?

A

Biliary atresia

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24
Q

What features make up charge syndrome?

A 
Coloboma
Heart defects
Atresia of nose passage
Retarded growth
Genital hypoplasia
Ear abnormality
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25
Q

What chromosomal abnormality is turners syndrome?

A

45, X0

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26
Q

Which manoeuvres are used to dx DDH?

A

Barlow and ortolani

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27
Q

Ratio in paeds CPR?

A

5 rescue breaths to 15 chest compressions

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28
Q

What are the features of Kawasaki’s disease?

A 
(CRASH and BURN)
Conjunctivitis
Rash 
Adenopathy (cervical lymphadenopathy)
Strawberry tongue
Hands/feet (red and oedematous palms)
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29
Q

Why do you avoid aspirin in children?

A

Risk of Reye syndrome

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30
Q

How is Kawasaki treated?

A

high dose aspirin

IVIg

31
Q

What Ix is important in Kawasaki?

A

echocardiogram

32
Q

Ix for recurrent UTI?

A

Urine culture
USS
DMSA
Micturating cystourethrogram

33
Q

Triad of haemolytic uraemic syndrome

A

Acute renal failure
Haemolytic anaemia
Thrombocytopenia

34
Q

At what age should a child be able to make a tower of two cubes and say 2-3 words?

A

1 year

35
Q

At what age should a child be able to make a tower of 3-4 cubes?

A

18 months

36
Q

At what age should a child be able to speak in 2-3 word sentences?

A

2 years

37
Q

Signs of resp distress in infants

A 
Tachypnoea
Subcostal recession
Intercostal recession
Nasal flaring
Head bobbing
Tracheal tug
38
Q

3 core behaviours of ADHD

A

Impulsivity
Hyperactivity
Inattention

39
Q

What maintenance fluid is given in paeds?

A

0.9% saline/ 5% dextrose

40
Q

What maintenance fluid is given to neonates?

A

10% dextrose

41
Q

Formula for calculating weight

A

(age + 4) x 2

42
Q

What is a standard paeds bolus amount?

A

20ml/kg

43
Q

Which groups require only 10ml/kg bolus?

A

Trauma
DKA
Neonates

44
Q

When would anion gap increase?

A

DKA

Lactate

45
Q

Formula for anion gap

A

(Na+ + K+) - (Cl- + HCO3-)

46
Q

Drug tx for sickle cell

A

Hydroxycarbamide

47
Q

Mainstay of tx for beta thalassaemia major

A

Regular blood transfusion

48
Q

What abnormal Ix findings would there be in vWD?

A

Increased APTT

Decreased factor VIII and von willebrands factor

49
Q

What makes up measles prodrome?

A

Cough
Coryza
Conjunctivitis
Koplik spots

50
Q

Comps of hand, foot and mouth?

A 
herpangina
Myocarditis
pericarditis
Bornholm disease
aseptic meningitis
51
Q

Features of HSP

A

Palpable purpuric rash
Abdo pain
polyarthritis
IgA nephropathy (haematuria)

52
Q

How to close patent ductus arteriosus and how do you keep it open?

A

Indometacin - closes

Prostaglandins - keep open

53
Q

What causes kernicterus?

A

Encephalopathy resulting from deposition of unconjugated bilirubin in basal ganglia and brainstem nuclei

54
Q

What is first line test for measuring bilirubin level in neonates?

A

Transcutaneous bilirubinometer

55
Q

When must you measure serum bilirubin as well as do transcutaneous measure?

A

If jaundice < 24 hours or neonate <35 weeks

56
Q

Tx for jaundice less than 24 hours

A

Identify and tx cause
Phototherapy
Consider exchange transfusion via umbilical artery/vein

57
Q

What Ix for shaken babies?

A

Skeletal survey
Fundoscopy
CT/MRI

58
Q

How is DDH treated?

A

Pavlik harness/splints

59
Q

How does transient synovitis px?

A

Progressive hip pain
Limp/inability to weight bear
Fever
Irritability

60
Q

How is SCFE treated?

A

Internal fixation

61
Q

Which enzyme is deficient in CAH?

A

21-hydroxylase

62
Q

Metabolic abnormality seen in CAH

A

Decreased Na+
Increased K+
Metabolic acidosis
hypoglycaemia

63
Q

What drug do you give as prophylaxis to the close contact of a patient with N.menigitidis?

A

Rifampicin

64
Q

Which other disease is important to test for if dx TB?

A

HIV (also do vice-versa)

65
Q

What tests are useful if suspect food allergy?

A

Skin-prick test
RAST test
Supervised food challenge

66
Q

Define CP

A

Motor disorder due to non-progressive insult up to the age of 2

67
Q

What criteria are used to dx septic arthritis?

A

Kocher criteria

68
Q

Signs of portal hypertension

A

Oesophageal varices
Piles/haemorrhoids
caput medusa

69
Q

Signs of ASD

A

Ejection systolic murmur

Split S2

70
Q

What test can be used to dx cyanotic heart disease?

A

Hyperoxia test

71
Q

How is rheumatic fever treated?

A

Aspirin and bed rest

need prophylactic ben pen until 18

72
Q

What is the most common cause of downs syndrome?

A

Non-disjunction

73
Q

What cause of phimosis requires treatment?

A

Balanitis xerotica obliterans

74
Q

What is the meaning of an indirect hernia?

A

Not direct through abdominal wall.

Through existing weakness such as inguinal canal

med (25 decks)

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