Renal

Question 1

Foam cells

Answer 1

Alport

Question 2

Lumpy bumpy

Answer 2

Acute psgn

Question 3

Focal mesangial proliferation

Answer 3

IgA nephropathy

Berger disease

Question 4

Low c3 in

Answer 4

PSGN
Lupus nephritis
Bacterial endocarditis
Shunt nephritis
Visceral abscess

Question 5

anterior lenticonus (extrusion of the central portion of the lens into the anterior chamber)

Answer 5

Alport

Question 6

Compression of renal vein between aorta and superior mesenteric artery

Answer 6

Nutcracker syndrome

Question 7

renin made in

Answer 7

juxtaglomerular apparatus

Question 8

calcitriol made in

Answer 8

proximal tubule

Question 9

primary site of antidiuretic hormone (vasopressin) response

Answer 9

collecting duct

Question 10

erythropeitin secreted by

Answer 10

interstitial cells in medulla

Question 11

cataract
intellectual disability
renal tubular acidosis
x linked recessive

Answer 11

Lowe syndrome

oculocerebrorenal syndrome

Question 12

nephrotic proteinuria definition

Answer 12

> 40mg/m2/hr
or 1000mg/m2/day
or Up/Ucr >2.0

Question 13

nephrotic syndrome

Answer 13

proteinuria >2g/m2/day
serum alb <3.og/dl
cholesterol >250mg/dl
edema

Question 14

most common form nephrotic syndrome

Answer 14

minimal change

Question 15

tubular proteinuria
tubular electrolyte wasting
glycosuria

Answer 15

fanconi syndrome

Question 16

pathogens in peritonitis in nephrotic syndrome

Answer 16

strep
e coli
klebsiella

Question 17

microangiopathic hemolytic anemia
thrombocytopenia
renal injury

Answer 17

hus

Question 18

most common cause of ckd between birth and 10 years old

Answer 18

CAKUT

congenital anomalies of kidney and urinary tract

Question 19

most common cause of ckd after 10 years old

Answer 19

focal segmental glomerulosclerosis

glomerulonephritis

Question 20

advantage of radionuclide cystogram over voiding cystoureterogram

Answer 20

may detect more kids with mild VUR

less radiation

Question 21

advantage of voiding cystoureterogram over radionuclide cystogram

Answer 21

additional anatomic detail

Question 22

up to what grade of VUR surgery not warranted

Answer 22

I and II

Question 23

classification VUR

Answer 23

I: nondilated ureter
II: into pelvis and calyx (-) dilation
III: mild to moderate dilation
IV: moderate uretereal tortuosity
V: gross dilation

Question 24

autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease due to gene defect

Answer 24

fibrocystin

Question 25

most common inherited kidney disease

Answer 25

autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease

Question 26

autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease due to gene defect

Answer 26

polycystin

Question 27

most common cause of bladder outlet obstruction in males

Answer 27

posterior urethral valves

Question 28

testicle swollen and tender | absent cremasteric reflex

Answer 28

testicular torsion

Question 29

Protective glycoprotein secreted by tubules that inactive cytokines

Answer 29

Tamm Horsfall protein

Question 30

Nephrotic syndrome definition

Answer 30

Proteinuria >3.5g/24 hrs urine protein:Crea ratio >2 Hypoalbuminemia <2.5g/dL Cholesterol >200mg/dL

Question 31

Attainment of remission within 4 weeks of steroid therapy

Answer 31

Response

Question 32

Sodium restriction

Answer 32

<1500mg/day

Question 33

Early onset nephrotic Progressive renal insufficiency Ambiguous genitals Wilms tumor

Answer 33

Denys drash syndrome

Question 34

Treatment cystinosis

Answer 34

Cysteamine

Question 35

Protienuria Proximal rta Glycosuria Phosphaturia

Answer 35

Fanconi syndrome

Question 36

``` Fair skinned Polyuria Phosphaturia Retinopathy Hypothyroidism Hepatosplenomegaly ```

Answer 36

Cystinosis

Question 37

X linked disorder Cataracts Mental retardation Fanconi syndrome

Answer 37

Oculocerebrorenal syndrome | Lowe syndrome

Question 38

distal rta labs

Answer 38

``` Hypercalciuria Hypocitraturia Urine pH >5.5 HypoK Hyperchloremia Positive urine gap ```

Question 39

Hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis Hypercalciuria Salt wasting

Answer 39

Bartter syndrome

Question 40

muddy brown granular casts

Answer 40

acute tubular necrosis

Question 41

hematuria 2-3 weeks after infection

Answer 41

psgn

Question 42

hematuria 1-3 days after urti

Answer 42

igA nephropathy

Question 43

arthritis, discoid rash, malar rash, photosensitivity, serositis

Answer 43

llupus nephritis

Question 44

hempotysis | + anti GBM antibodies

Answer 44

goodpasture syndrome

Question 45

sinusitis epistaxis + c ANCA

Answer 45

granulomatosis with polyangitis | wegener granulomatosis

Question 46

lung involvement | + p ANCA

Answer 46

microscopic polyangitis

Question 47

``` sinusitis asthma skin findings eosinophilia + p ANCA ```

Answer 47

eosinophilic granulomatosis | Churg strauss

Question 48

progressive loss of renal fxn in short time | crescents on renal biopsy

Answer 48

rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis

Question 49

fever eosinophilia rash UA + for eosinophils, WBC and RBC casts

Answer 49

allergic interstitial nephritis

Question 50

``` bloody diarrhea anemia thrombocytopenia high LDH schitocytes ```

Answer 50

HUS