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PPS - From Nelson's > Ortho > Flashcards

Ortho Flashcards

1
Q

fracture after bone compression

bone cortex does not break

A

buckle or torus fractures

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2
Q

buckle or torus fractures typically occur in

A

metaphysis

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3
Q

buckle or torus fractures heal after

A

4weeks

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4
Q

fracture where both sides of bony cortex are fractured

A

complete fx

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5
Q

fx where bone is angulated beyond limits of plastic deformation

A

greenstick fx

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6
Q

where no fracture line seen on xray but bone is bent beyond limit of plastic deformation
not a true fx

A

bowing fx

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7
Q

type 1 salter harris

A

transvers fx through physis

growth distrubance unusual

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8
Q

type 2 salter harris

A

fx through portion of physis and metaphysis

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9
Q

type 3 salter harris

A

fx through portion of physis and epiphysis

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10
Q

type 4 salter harris

A

fx through metaphysis, physis, and epiphysis

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11
Q

type 5 salter harris

A

crush injury to physis

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12
Q

most common fx salter harris

A

type 2

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13
Q

fx where tend to not remodel well

A

intra-articular fx
angulated or displaced diaphyseal dx
rotated fx
fx deformity on range of motion

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14
Q

two types of developmental dysplasia of hip

A

teratologic (spina bifida, arthrogryposis)

typical

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15
Q

relative shortening of femur
asymmetric skin folds
flexing an infant’s knees when they are lying down so that the feet touch the surface and the ankles touch the buttocks. If the knees are not level then the test is positive, indicating a potential congenital hip malformation

A

galeazzi sign

or allis sign

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16
Q

component of barlow test

A
  1. patient is supine, hip and knee flexed at 90
  2. one hand to stabilize pelvis, other hand to ADDUCT (toward) the hip and apply posterior pressure on the anterior aspect of hip
  3. positive is “clunk”
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17
Q

componenet of ortalani

A
  1. patient supine, knees and hip flexed at 90
  2. one hand to stabilize pelvis, other hand to ABDUCT (away) the hip and apply anterior pressure on the posterior aspect of hip
  3. positive is “clunk”
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18
Q

used to diagnose bilateral developmental dysplasia of hip

A

klisic test

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19
Q

component of klisic test

A

place one finger at greater trochanter and the ASIS
an imaginary line drawn between the two normal leads to umbilicus
in DDH, greater trochanter is more elevated so line wont hit umbilicus

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20
Q

treatment for DDH less than 6mo

A

pavlik harness

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21
Q

idiopathic avascular necrosis of the capital epiphysis of femoral head

A

legg calve perthes

22
Q

most serious complication following slipped capital femoral epiphysis

A

chondrolysis

avascular necrosis

23
Q

bakers cyst

A

popliteal cyst

24
Q

knee pain
lateral aspect of medial femoral condyle
area of bone separates due to previous vascular insult

A

osteochondritis dissecans

25
Q

knee pain at insertion of patellar tendon on tibial tubercle
microfracture in ossification center
bump below the knee

A

osgood schlatter disease

apophysitis of the tibial tubercle

26
Q

common in female athletes
anterior knee pain that worsens with activity
no swelling
grinding sensation under knee cap

A

patellofemoral pain syndrome

27
Q

treatment for clubfoot

A

ponseti method of serial casting

28
Q

cavus foot associated with

A

tethered cord

charcot marie tooth disease

29
Q

idiopathic avascular necrosis of tarsal navicular

A

kohler disease

30
Q

idiopathic avascular necrosis of head of second metatarsal

A

freiberg disease

31
Q

inflammation of the growth plate in the heel of growing children, typically adolescents
presents as heel pain

A

Sever’s Disease

OR calcaneal apophysitis

32
Q

cobb method values

A

mild 0 - 20
moderate 20 - 40
severe >40

33
Q

congenital fusion of any two of the seven cervical vertebrae

A

Klippel–Feil syndrome

34
Q

second most common cause of spinal deformity

A

scheuermann kyphosis

35
Q

narrowing of disk space
loss of anterior height -> wedging of 3 consecutive vertebrae
irregularities of vertebral endplates
schmorl nodes

A

scheuermann kyphosis

36
Q

schmorl nodes

A

protrusions of the cartilage of the intervertebral disc through the vertebral body endplate and into the adjacent vertebra

37
Q

red flags for back pain in kids

A
  1. persistent or increasing pain
  2. systemic findings
  3. neuro defects
  4. bowel or bladder dysfxn
  5. age <4 yr old
  6. night waking
  7. pain that restricts activity
  8. painful left thoracic spinal curvature
38
Q

defect in pars interarticularis

A

spondylolysis

39
Q

anterior slippage of superior vertebra on inferior one

A

spondylolisthesis

40
Q

most common location spondylolysis

A

L5

41
Q

most common location spondylolisthesis

A

L5 on S1

42
Q

scotty dog

A

spondylolysis

43
Q

most common organism in diskitis (spine)

A

staph aureus

44
Q

shoulder joint compromises

A

glenohumeral joint
acromioclavicular joint
sternoclavicular joint
scapulothoracic joint

45
Q

congenital elevation of scapula

A

sprengel deformity

46
Q

little leager’s shoulder

physeal plate enlargement

A

proximal humeral epiphysiolysis

47
Q

little leagers elbow

A

medial humeral epicondyle apophysitis

48
Q

most common carpal bone fracture in kids

A

scaphoid fx

49
Q

subacute osteomyelitits

A

brodie abscess

50
Q

multiple enchondroma

A

ollier disease

51
Q

punched out lytic lesions in skull, jaw, long bones
pathologic fx
5 - 10 yrs old

A

eosinophilic granuloma

PPS - From Nelson's (24 decks)

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