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PPS - From Nelson's > Emergency/Critical care > Flashcards

Emergency/Critical care Flashcards

1
Q

leading cause of death in children

A

injuries

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2
Q

SAMPLE history

A 
signs/symptoms
allergies
medications
past medical history
last meal (timing)
events leading to situation
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3
Q

SAMPLE should be during

A

secondary assessment

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4
Q

tertiary assessment at

A

hospital

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5
Q

one rescuer BLS

A

30 compressions

2 breaths

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6
Q

two rescuer BLS

A

15 compressions

2 breaths

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7
Q

most common cause of choking in infants

A

liquids

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8
Q

t or f

blind finger sweep recommended

A

false

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9
Q

infant <1yr old with foreign body

A

5 back blows

5 chest thrusts

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10
Q

conscious child >1yr old

A

5 ab thrusts

Heimlich maneuver

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11
Q

factors that cause bradycardia

A 
6Hs 4Ts
hypoxia
hypovolemia
hydrogen ions (acidosis)
hypoK or hyperK
hypoglycemia
hypothermia

toxins
tamponade
tension pneumothorax
trauma

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12
Q

lone rescuer with unwitnessed arrest

A

give 2 breaths THEN 2 mins CPR

before activating EMS

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13
Q

lone rescuer with witnessed arrest

A

activate EMS and get AED

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14
Q

lone rescuer breath rate (assisted)

A

<8yrs old 1 breath every 3-5sec (15-20/min)

>8yrs old 1 breath every 5-6sec (10-12/min)

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15
Q

compression > 1yr old

A

lower half of sternum

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16
Q

compression <1yr old

A

midsternum

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17
Q

chest tube should be __ for air decompression

A

anterior

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18
Q

chest tube should be __ for fluid decompression

A

posterior

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19
Q

doctrine that deals with intracranial dynamics

A

munro kellie

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20
Q

moderate TBI

A

GCS 9-12

21
Q

severe TBI

A

GCS 3-8

22
Q

indication CT scan for TBI

A 
loss of consciousness >5mins
persistent dizziness
seizures
focal neuro defects
depressed skull fx
signs of basilar skull fx
drug/alcohol use
<2yrs old
23
Q

vulnerable regions in HIE

A

hippocampus
purkinje neurons in cerebullum
basal ganglia
brainstem

24
Q

pathology in ischemic stroke in kids

A

damage to intima of cerebral arteries

25
Q

3 key components of clinical brain death diagnosis are

A
  1. demonstrations of coexisting irreversible coma with a known cause
  2. absence of brainstem reflexes
  3. apnea.
26
Q

pCO2 in apnea

A

partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) value ≥60 mm Hg and >20 mm Hg above baseline

27
Q

brainstem reflexes

A
  1. pupillary light reflex
  2. oculocephalic reflex (dolls eye)
  3. corneal reflex
  4. oculovestibular reflex
  5. gag and cough reflex
28
Q

pupillary light reflex

A

cn 2, 3

29
Q

oculocephalic reflex (dolls eye)

A

cn 3,6,8, midpbrain, pons

30
Q

corneal reflex

A

cn 3,5,7, pons

31
Q

oculovestibular reflex

A

cn,3,4,6,8, midbrain, pons

32
Q

gag and cough reflex

A

cn 9, 10, medulla

33
Q

parameters to check after giving fluid bolus

A
  1. normalization of heart rate
  2. urine output 1ml/kg/hr
  3. crt <2secs
  4. mental status
34
Q

parameters to maintain in acute phase of shock

A
  1. Hg > 10g/dl
  2. SVCO2 >70%
  3. cardiac index 3.3-6L/min
35
Q

in decreased lung compliance such as pneumonia and pulmonary edema, RR is

A

shallow and rapid

decreased tidal volume

36
Q

in obstructive airway disease, RR is

A

deep and less rapid

increased tidal volume

37
Q

clinical hallmark of extrathoracic airway obstruction

A

inspiratory stridor
suprasternal, subcostal retractions
prolongation of inspiration

38
Q

clinical hallmark of intrathoracic airway obstruction

A

prolongation of expiration

expiratory wheezing

39
Q

alveolar ventilation formula

A

Va = (Vt - Vd) x RR

40
Q

ventilation and perfusion are __ in nondependent portion in lungs

A

lower

41
Q

ventilation and perfusion are __ in dependent portion in lungs

A

higher

42
Q

perfusion in excess of ventilation

A

venous admixture

43
Q

perfusion of unventilated areas

A

intrapulmonary shunting

44
Q

ventilation in excess of perfusion

A

dead space ventilation

45
Q

normal vd/vt

A

0.33

46
Q

Vd/Vt increases in

A

decreased pulmo perfusion
pulmonary hypertension
hypovolemia
decreased cardiac output

47
Q

fio2 formula

A

= 21% + (FLOW x 3)

48
Q

cerebral perfusion pressure should be maintain ___

in trauma

A

> 40mmhg

49
Q

leading cause of childhood morbidity and mortality in the world

A

drowning

PPS - From Nelson's (24 decks)

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