Emergency/Critical care

Question 1

leading cause of death in children

Answer 1

injuries

Question 2

SAMPLE history

Answer 2

signs/symptoms
allergies
medications
past medical history
last meal (timing)
events leading to situation

Question 3

SAMPLE should be during

Answer 3

secondary assessment

Question 4

tertiary assessment at

Answer 4

hospital

Question 5

one rescuer BLS

Answer 5

30 compressions

2 breaths

Question 6

two rescuer BLS

Answer 6

15 compressions

2 breaths

Question 7

most common cause of choking in infants

Answer 7

liquids

Question 8

t or f

blind finger sweep recommended

Answer 8

false

Question 9

infant <1yr old with foreign body

Answer 9

5 back blows

5 chest thrusts

Question 10

conscious child >1yr old

Answer 10

5 ab thrusts

Heimlich maneuver

Question 11

factors that cause bradycardia

Answer 11

6Hs 4Ts
hypoxia
hypovolemia
hydrogen ions (acidosis)
hypoK or hyperK
hypoglycemia
hypothermia

toxins
tamponade
tension pneumothorax
trauma

Question 12

lone rescuer with unwitnessed arrest

Answer 12

give 2 breaths THEN 2 mins CPR

before activating EMS

Question 13

lone rescuer with witnessed arrest

Answer 13

activate EMS and get AED

Question 14

lone rescuer breath rate (assisted)

Answer 14

<8yrs old 1 breath every 3-5sec (15-20/min)

>8yrs old 1 breath every 5-6sec (10-12/min)

Question 15

compression > 1yr old

Answer 15

lower half of sternum

Question 16

compression <1yr old

Answer 16

midsternum

Question 17

chest tube should be __ for air decompression

Answer 17

anterior

Question 18

chest tube should be __ for fluid decompression

Answer 18

posterior

Question 19

doctrine that deals with intracranial dynamics

Answer 19

munro kellie

Question 20

moderate TBI

Answer 20

GCS 9-12

Question 21

severe TBI

Answer 21

GCS 3-8

Question 22

indication CT scan for TBI

Answer 22

loss of consciousness >5mins
persistent dizziness
seizures
focal neuro defects
depressed skull fx
signs of basilar skull fx
drug/alcohol use
<2yrs old

Question 23

vulnerable regions in HIE

Answer 23

hippocampus
purkinje neurons in cerebullum
basal ganglia
brainstem

Question 24

pathology in ischemic stroke in kids

Answer 24

damage to intima of cerebral arteries

Question 25

3 key components of clinical brain death diagnosis are

Answer 25

1. demonstrations of coexisting irreversible coma with a known cause 2. absence of brainstem reflexes 3. apnea.

Question 26

pCO2 in apnea

Answer 26

partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) value ≥60 mm Hg and >20 mm Hg above baseline

Question 27

brainstem reflexes

Answer 27

1. pupillary light reflex 2. oculocephalic reflex (dolls eye) 3. corneal reflex 4. oculovestibular reflex 5. gag and cough reflex

Question 28

pupillary light reflex

Answer 28

cn 2, 3

Question 29

oculocephalic reflex (dolls eye)

Answer 29

cn 3,6,8, midpbrain, pons

Question 30

corneal reflex

Answer 30

cn 3,5,7, pons

Question 31

oculovestibular reflex

Answer 31

cn,3,4,6,8, midbrain, pons

Question 32

gag and cough reflex

Answer 32

cn 9, 10, medulla

Question 33

parameters to check after giving fluid bolus

Answer 33

1. normalization of heart rate 2. urine output 1ml/kg/hr 3. crt <2secs 4. mental status

Question 34

parameters to maintain in acute phase of shock

Answer 34

1. Hg > 10g/dl 2. SVCO2 >70% 3. cardiac index 3.3-6L/min

Question 35

in decreased lung compliance such as pneumonia and pulmonary edema, RR is

Answer 35

shallow and rapid | decreased tidal volume

Question 36

in obstructive airway disease, RR is

Answer 36

deep and less rapid | increased tidal volume

Question 37

clinical hallmark of extrathoracic airway obstruction

Answer 37

inspiratory stridor suprasternal, subcostal retractions prolongation of inspiration

Question 38

clinical hallmark of intrathoracic airway obstruction

Answer 38

prolongation of expiration | expiratory wheezing

Question 39

alveolar ventilation formula

Answer 39

Va = (Vt - Vd) x RR

Question 40

ventilation and perfusion are __ in nondependent portion in lungs

Answer 40

lower

Question 41

ventilation and perfusion are __ in dependent portion in lungs

Answer 41

higher

Question 42

perfusion in excess of ventilation

Answer 42

venous admixture

Question 43

perfusion of unventilated areas

Answer 43

intrapulmonary shunting

Question 44

ventilation in excess of perfusion

Answer 44

dead space ventilation

Question 45

normal vd/vt

Answer 45

0.33

Question 46

Vd/Vt increases in

Answer 46

decreased pulmo perfusion pulmonary hypertension hypovolemia decreased cardiac output

Question 47

fio2 formula

Answer 47

= 21% + (FLOW x 3)

Question 48

cerebral perfusion pressure should be maintain ___ | in trauma

Answer 48

>40mmhg

Question 49

leading cause of childhood morbidity and mortality in the world

Answer 49

drowning