Renal Flashcards
What are 9 symptoms of glomerulonephritis?
- Sore throat
- Malaise/HA
- BUN and Cr increase
- Sediment, protein, blood in urine
- Flank pain on sides
- Increased BP
- Urine output decreased
- Urine specific gravity increases
- Facial edema
What are 5 interventions for treating glomerulonephritis?
- I&O/Daily weights
- Dialysis
- Fluid replacement (whatever is lost in 24 hours + 500)
- Decrease protein and sodium/increase carbs
- Get rid of strep
Inflammatory reaction in the glomerulus that is mainly caused by strep. Antibodies lodge in the glomerulus creating scarring and decreased filtering.
Glomerulonephritis
Term for total body edema
Anasarca
An inflammatory response in the glomerulus where protein starts leaking out into the urine. Without the albumin fluid starts going into the interstitial space and blood volume decreases. The kidneys start to retain sodium and water resulting in anasarca.
Nephrotic syndrome
What are 6 ways to treat nephrotic syndrome?
- Diuretics
- ACE inhibitors
- Prednisone
- Decrease sodium, increase protein
- Anticoagulation (RF blood clots)
- Dialysis
Do you want to limit protein for patients with kidney problems?
Yes - except nephrotic syndrome
Cause of renal failure:
Blood can’t get to the kidneys, hypovolemic, shock, decreased heart rate, and hypotension
Pre-renal failure
Cause of renal failure:
Damage has occurred inside the kidney; glomerulonephritis, nephrotic syndrome, dye, drugs, uncontrolled HTN, and DM.
Intra-renal failure
Cause of renal failure:
Urine can’t get out of the kidneys; enlarged prostate, kidney stone, tumors, edematous stoma, or urethral obstruction
Post-renal failure
What are 8 symptoms of renal failure?
- BUN and Creatinine increase
- Specific gravity initially increases
- Anemia
- NV, anorexia
- HTN
- Heart failure
- Hyperkalemia
- Metabolic acidosis
Phase of kidney failure where urinary output goes down, the client is in fluid volume excess, and is hyperkalemic.
Oliguric phase
Phase of kidney failure where the urinary output increases drastically, the patient is in fluid volume deficit, and hypokalemic.
Diuretic phase
Type of vascular access in the forearm with an anastomosis between an artery and a vein. Requires surgery and takes weeks to mature.
Arteriovenous fistula
Type of vascular assess that is a synthetic graft to joining the vessels. Requires surgery and takes weeks to mature.
Arteriovenous graft
