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NCLEX > Acid Base Balance > Flashcards

Acid Base Balance Flashcards

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1
Q

Normal pH

A

7.35-7.45

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2
Q

pH below 7.35: ______

pH above 7.45: ______

A

pH below 7.35: acidotic

pH above 7.45: alkalotic

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3
Q

Normal CO2

A

35-45

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4
Q

Normal HCO3

A

22-26

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5
Q

Normal PaO2

A

80-100

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6
Q

What does the kidneys do to acid? Bicarb?

A

Acid - removed through urine
Bicarb - hold on or excrete
*Takes hours to days to do their job

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7
Q

How does the lungs get rid of CO2?

A

Exhale

*Takes seconds to minutes to respond

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8
Q

What happens in respiratory acidosis?

A

pH goes down

CO2 goes up

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8
Q

What are 6 causes of respiratory acidosis?

A
  1. Retaining Co2
  2. Mild abdominal incision
  3. Narcotics/sleeping pills
  4. Pneumonia
  5. Pneumothorax
  6. Collapsed lung
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9
Q

How do you fix respiratory acidosis?

A

Oxygen
Deep breathing/cough
*Need them to breathe more

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11
Q

As CO2 increases, level of consciousness _______.

A

Decreases

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11
Q

What are 4 symptoms of respiratory acidosis?

A
  1. Sleepy
  2. Confusion
  3. Headache
  4. Hypoxic
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12
Q

What are the 2 early signs of hypoxia?

A
  1. Tachycardia
  2. Restless
    * Think air hungry
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13
Q

As CO2 increases, oxygen ________.

A

Decreases

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14
Q

What is happening in respiratory alkalosis?

A

pH goes up

CO2 goes down

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15
Q

What are 3 causes of respiratory alkalosis?

A
  1. Hyperventilating
  2. Hysterical
  3. Acute aspirin overdose (pt is breathing too fast and removing CO2)
16
Q

What are 4 symptoms of respiratory alkalosis?

A
  1. Lightheaded
  2. Faint
  3. Peri-oral numbness
  4. Numbness/tingling of fingers and toes
17
Q

How do you treat respiratory alkalosis?

A

Breathe into paper bag/cup hands

Sedation

18
Q

What is happening in metabolic acidosis?

A

pH goes down

Bicarb goes down

19
Q

What are the 4 causes of metabolic acidosis?

A
  1. DKA
  2. Starvation
  3. Renal failure
  4. Severe diarrhea
20
Q

What are the 2 symptoms of metabolic acidosis?

A
  1. Hyperkalemia (muscle twitching, weakness, arrythmias, and flaccid paralysis)
  2. Increased RR (trying to blow off acid)
21
Q

How do you treat metabolic acidosi?

A 
Give bicarb (IV)
Treat cause
22
Q

What is happening in metabolic alkalosis?

A

pH goes up

Bicarb goes up

23
Q

What are the 3 causes of metabolic alkalosis?

A
  1. Loss of upper GI contents
  2. Too many antacids (too much bicarb)
  3. Too much IV bicarb (cardiac arrest situation)
24
Q

How do you treat metabolic alkalosis?

A

Fix the problem

Replace potassium

25
Q

Metabolic acidosis = ______kalemia

Metabolic alkalosis = _______kalemia

A

Metabolic acidosis = hyperkalemia

Metabolic alkalosis = hypokalemia

NCLEX (16 decks)

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