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Oncology Flashcards

1
Q

What 2 things should a woman not do prior to a Pap smear?

A
  1. Douche

2. No sex

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2
Q

When should a woman start getting a yearly mammogram?

A

40

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3
Q

When should people start getting a colonscopy?

A

Age 50 - every 10 years if normal

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4
Q

When should men start getting a yearly digital exam and PSA check?

A

50

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5
Q

What are 3 ways to prevent dislodgment of a internal radiation implant?

A
  1. Bedrest
  2. Decrease fiber – fiber distends abdomen making it easier for implant to dislodge
  3. Prevent bladder distention
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6
Q

Is it ok to use lotion on external radiation markings?

A

No - don’t wash them off either

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7
Q

How long should you protect an external radiation site from sun?

A

1 year after completion of therapy

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8
Q

What 2 things are done if extravasation (infiltration) occurs?

A
  1. Stop infusion

2. Vasoconstriction to prevent spreading - Ice packs

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9
Q

What are 3 signs of extravasation?

A
  1. Pain
  2. Swelling
  3. No blood return
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10
Q

What is the most important lab value for cancer patients?

A

Absolute neutrophil count

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11
Q

Slight increase in temperature of a cancer patient may mean ______.

A

Sepsis

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12
Q

What is the number one risk factor for cervical cancer?

A

HPV

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13
Q

What is the classic symptom of cervical cancer?

A

Painless vaginal bleeding

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14
Q

What are 4 other symptoms of cervical cancer?

A
  1. Flank pain
  2. Pelvic pain
  3. Leg pain along sciatic nerve
  4. Watery, blood tinged vaginal discharge
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15
Q

What are 6 ways to treat cervical cancer?

A
  1. Electrosurgical excision
  2. Laser
  3. Cryosurgery
  4. Radiation and chemo
  5. Conization (remove part of cervix)
  6. Hysterectomy
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16
Q

What is the major symptom of uterine cancer?

A

Postmenopausal bleeding

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17
Q

What are the 2 definitive diagnostic tests for uterine cancer?

A
  1. D&C

2. Endometrial biopsy

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18
Q

What are the 4 ways to treat uterine cancer?

A
  1. Hysterectomy
  2. Radiation
  3. Chemo
  4. Estrogen inhibitors
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19
Q

What is the greatest risk following a hysterectomy?

A

Hemorrhage

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20
Q

What is the major complication with a vaginal hysterectomy?

A

Infection

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21
Q

Why is it important to prevent abdominal distention after a hysterectomy?

A

We don’t want tension on the suture line

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22
Q

Why do you avoid high fowler’s for a postoperative hysterectomy patient?

A

Makes more blood go to the pelvis - R/F hemorrhage

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23
Q

What should you check after a breast surgery?

A

Bleeding - check dressings, back (pooling of blood), hemovac, and JP drains

24
Q

Should you elevate the affected arm following breast surgery?

25
What are 8 symptoms of lung cancer?
1. Hemoptysis 2. Dyspnea 3. Hoarseness 4. Cough 5. Change in endurance 6. Chest pain 7. Pleuritic pain on inspiration 8. Displaced trachea
26
What are 5 ways to diagnose lung cancer?
1. Bronchoscopy 2. Sputum specimen 3. Chest xray 4. CT 5. MRI
27
When is the best time to obtain a sputum specimen?
In the morning (have patient rinse mouth out first)
28
When should a woman start getting a breast exam?
Yearly: over 40 | Every 3 years: 20-39
29
What are 3 ways to treat lung cancer?
1. Surgery - remove the lump 2. Lobectomy - remove a lobe; chest tubes present 3. Pneumonectomy - remove lung; no chest tubes
30
How should you position a post-pneumonectomy patient?
Position on affected side (surgical side down, good lung up)
31
What are 2 ways to diagnose laryngeal cancer?
1. Laryngeal exam | 2. MRI
32
What type of surgery is performed for laryngeal cancer?
Total laryngectomy (removal of vocal cords, epiglottis, thyroid cartilage); patient will have permanent trach
33
How should you position a postop laryngectomy patient?
Mid-Fowler's
34
How do you know if you stimulated the vagus nerve when suctioning a patient?
HR drops (if they were hypoxic their heart rate would increase)
35
What is the definitive diagnostic test for colorectal cancer?
Colonscopy
36
What are 7 symptoms of colorectal cancer?
1. Change in bowel habits (constipation, diarrhea, narrowing of stools) 2. Blood in stool 3. Cramping abdominal pain 4. Weakness 5. Fatigue 6. Anemia 7. Unexplained weight loss
37
Can you take a rectal temperature on a patient who is immunocompromised, thrombocytopenic, or has an abdominoperineal resection?
No
38
What are 3 ways to treat colorectal cancer?
1. Surgery - colectomy, abdominoperineal resection (remove colon, anus, and rectum) 2. Chemo 3. Radiation
39
What is the major symptom of bladder cancer?
Painless intermittent hematuria
40
What is the diagnostic test for bladder cancer?
Cystoscopy
41
How do you treat bladder cancer?
Surgery - remove all or part of the bladder
42
Is mucus normal following a urostomy?
Yes - bladder is made from part of the intestine; intestine makes mucus
43
When should you change the urostomy appliance?
In the morning - urine output is at it's lowest then
44
What is the most common sign of prostate cancer?
Painless hematuria
45
What are 4 symptoms of prostate cancer?
1. Hesitancy/frequency/urgency 2. Dribbling 3. Nocturia 4. Frequent infections
46
What are 2 ways to diagnose prostate cancer?
1. Lab work (PSA level and alkaline phosphatase increase) | 2. Biopsy
47
What are 5 ways to treat prostate cancer?
1. Watchful waiting 2. Prostatectomy or TURP (not a cure) 3. Radiation 4. Chemo 5. Hormone therapy
48
Should you manually irrigate a catheter with a fresh surgery client?
Not without a physician's order
49
What 2 drugs are given for bladder spasms following a TURP?
1. Belladonna and opium suppository | 2. Oxybutynin (Ditropan)
50
What do you watch for when a catheter is removed from a TURP patient?
Urine retention
51
Why do you want your TURP patient to avoid sitting, driving, lifting, and strenuous exercise?
Causes bleeding
52
What are the 2 most common symptoms of stomach cancer?
1. Heart burn | 2. Abdominal discomfort
53
What are the 3 diagnostic tests for stomach cancer?
1. Upper GI 2. CT 3. EGD
54
What are 3 ways to treat stomach cancer?
1. Gastrectomy 2. Chemo 3. Radiation
55
What are 2 major complications following a gastrectomy?
1. Dumping syndrome | 2. Vitamin B12 deficient anemia (because pt has no stomach with intrinsic factor so they can't absorb B12)

NCLEX (16 decks)

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