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NCLEX > Oncology > Flashcards

Oncology Flashcards

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1
Q

What 2 things should a woman not do prior to a Pap smear?

A
  1. Douche

2. No sex

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2
Q

When should a woman start getting a yearly mammogram?

A

40

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3
Q

When should people start getting a colonscopy?

A

Age 50 - every 10 years if normal

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4
Q

When should men start getting a yearly digital exam and PSA check?

A

50

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5
Q

What are 3 ways to prevent dislodgment of a internal radiation implant?

A
  1. Bedrest
  2. Decrease fiber – fiber distends abdomen making it easier for implant to dislodge
  3. Prevent bladder distention
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6
Q

Is it ok to use lotion on external radiation markings?

A

No - don’t wash them off either

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7
Q

How long should you protect an external radiation site from sun?

A

1 year after completion of therapy

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8
Q

What 2 things are done if extravasation (infiltration) occurs?

A
  1. Stop infusion

2. Vasoconstriction to prevent spreading - Ice packs

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9
Q

What are 3 signs of extravasation?

A
  1. Pain
  2. Swelling
  3. No blood return
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10
Q

What is the most important lab value for cancer patients?

A

Absolute neutrophil count

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11
Q

Slight increase in temperature of a cancer patient may mean ______.

A

Sepsis

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12
Q

What is the number one risk factor for cervical cancer?

A

HPV

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13
Q

What is the classic symptom of cervical cancer?

A

Painless vaginal bleeding

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14
Q

What are 4 other symptoms of cervical cancer?

A
  1. Flank pain
  2. Pelvic pain
  3. Leg pain along sciatic nerve
  4. Watery, blood tinged vaginal discharge
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15
Q

What are 6 ways to treat cervical cancer?

A
  1. Electrosurgical excision
  2. Laser
  3. Cryosurgery
  4. Radiation and chemo
  5. Conization (remove part of cervix)
  6. Hysterectomy
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16
Q

What is the major symptom of uterine cancer?

A

Postmenopausal bleeding

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17
Q

What are the 2 definitive diagnostic tests for uterine cancer?

A
  1. D&C

2. Endometrial biopsy

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18
Q

What are the 4 ways to treat uterine cancer?

A
  1. Hysterectomy
  2. Radiation
  3. Chemo
  4. Estrogen inhibitors
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19
Q

What is the greatest risk following a hysterectomy?

A

Hemorrhage

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20
Q

What is the major complication with a vaginal hysterectomy?

A

Infection

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21
Q

Why is it important to prevent abdominal distention after a hysterectomy?

A

We don’t want tension on the suture line

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22
Q

Why do you avoid high fowler’s for a postoperative hysterectomy patient?

A

Makes more blood go to the pelvis - R/F hemorrhage

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23
Q

What should you check after a breast surgery?

A

Bleeding - check dressings, back (pooling of blood), hemovac, and JP drains

24
Q

Should you elevate the affected arm following breast surgery?

A

Yes

25
Q

What are 8 symptoms of lung cancer?

A
  1. Hemoptysis
  2. Dyspnea
  3. Hoarseness
  4. Cough
  5. Change in endurance
  6. Chest pain
  7. Pleuritic pain on inspiration
  8. Displaced trachea
26
Q

What are 5 ways to diagnose lung cancer?

A
  1. Bronchoscopy
  2. Sputum specimen
  3. Chest xray
  4. CT
  5. MRI
27
Q

When is the best time to obtain a sputum specimen?

A

In the morning (have patient rinse mouth out first)

28
Q

When should a woman start getting a breast exam?

A

Yearly: over 40

Every 3 years: 20-39

29
Q

What are 3 ways to treat lung cancer?

A
  1. Surgery - remove the lump
  2. Lobectomy - remove a lobe; chest tubes present
  3. Pneumonectomy - remove lung; no chest tubes
30
Q

How should you position a post-pneumonectomy patient?

A

Position on affected side (surgical side down, good lung up)

31
Q

What are 2 ways to diagnose laryngeal cancer?

A
  1. Laryngeal exam

2. MRI

32
Q

What type of surgery is performed for laryngeal cancer?

A

Total laryngectomy (removal of vocal cords, epiglottis, thyroid cartilage); patient will have permanent trach

33
Q

How should you position a postop laryngectomy patient?

A

Mid-Fowler’s

34
Q

How do you know if you stimulated the vagus nerve when suctioning a patient?

A

HR drops (if they were hypoxic their heart rate would increase)

35
Q

What is the definitive diagnostic test for colorectal cancer?

A

Colonscopy

36
Q

What are 7 symptoms of colorectal cancer?

A
  1. Change in bowel habits (constipation, diarrhea, narrowing of stools)
  2. Blood in stool
  3. Cramping abdominal pain
  4. Weakness
  5. Fatigue
  6. Anemia
  7. Unexplained weight loss
37
Q

Can you take a rectal temperature on a patient who is immunocompromised, thrombocytopenic, or has an abdominoperineal resection?

A

No

38
Q

What are 3 ways to treat colorectal cancer?

A
  1. Surgery - colectomy, abdominoperineal resection (remove colon, anus, and rectum)
  2. Chemo
  3. Radiation
39
Q

What is the major symptom of bladder cancer?

A

Painless intermittent hematuria

40
Q

What is the diagnostic test for bladder cancer?

A

Cystoscopy

41
Q

How do you treat bladder cancer?

A

Surgery - remove all or part of the bladder

42
Q

Is mucus normal following a urostomy?

A

Yes - bladder is made from part of the intestine; intestine makes mucus

43
Q

When should you change the urostomy appliance?

A

In the morning - urine output is at it’s lowest then

44
Q

What is the most common sign of prostate cancer?

A

Painless hematuria

45
Q

What are 4 symptoms of prostate cancer?

A
  1. Hesitancy/frequency/urgency
  2. Dribbling
  3. Nocturia
  4. Frequent infections
46
Q

What are 2 ways to diagnose prostate cancer?

A
  1. Lab work (PSA level and alkaline phosphatase increase)

2. Biopsy

47
Q

What are 5 ways to treat prostate cancer?

A
  1. Watchful waiting
  2. Prostatectomy or TURP (not a cure)
  3. Radiation
  4. Chemo
  5. Hormone therapy
48
Q

Should you manually irrigate a catheter with a fresh surgery client?

A

Not without a physician’s order

49
Q

What 2 drugs are given for bladder spasms following a TURP?

A
  1. Belladonna and opium suppository

2. Oxybutynin (Ditropan)

50
Q

What do you watch for when a catheter is removed from a TURP patient?

A

Urine retention

51
Q

Why do you want your TURP patient to avoid sitting, driving, lifting, and strenuous exercise?

A

Causes bleeding

52
Q

What are the 2 most common symptoms of stomach cancer?

A
  1. Heart burn

2. Abdominal discomfort

53
Q

What are the 3 diagnostic tests for stomach cancer?

A
  1. Upper GI
  2. CT
  3. EGD
54
Q

What are 3 ways to treat stomach cancer?

A
  1. Gastrectomy
  2. Chemo
  3. Radiation
55
Q

What are 2 major complications following a gastrectomy?

A
  1. Dumping syndrome

2. Vitamin B12 deficient anemia (because pt has no stomach with intrinsic factor so they can’t absorb B12)

NCLEX (16 decks)

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