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NCLEX > Neuro > Flashcards

Neuro Flashcards

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1
Q

A scale that is used to assess the level of consciousness in a client who already has altered consciousness or has the potential of altered consciousness. Includes eye opening, motor response, and verbal response.

A

Glasgow coma scale

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2
Q

What is an ideal GCS?

A

13 to 15

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3
Q

The adults or child greater than one should have a plantar reflex or curling of the toes when the bottom of the foot is stroked. What does it mean if the adult has a present Babinski reflex?

A

Problem in the central nervous system

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4
Q

A diagnostic test that is an x-ray of cerebral circulation where they go through the femoral artery. BUN and Creatinine must be watched since dye is used. Metformin needs to be held. The patient is one bedrest for 4-6 hours following the procedure.

A

Cerebral Angiography

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5
Q

Diagnostic test that records electrical activity of the brain and helps to diagnose seizure disorders and evaluate the types of seizures occurring. Evaluates loss of consciousness, dementia, and is an indicator of brain death.

A

EEG

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6
Q

What are 3 interventions prior to an EEG?

A
  1. Hold sedatives
  2. No caffeine
  3. Not NPO - drops BG
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7
Q

What is the most common complication of a lumbar puncture?

A

Headache - pain increases when they sit up; pain decreases when they lay down

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8
Q

What are 2 post lumbar puncture interventions?

A
  1. Lay flat or prone for 2-3 hours

2. Increase fluids to replace lost spinal fluid

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9
Q

What are 2 life threatening complications of a lumbar puncture?

A
  1. Brain herniation

2. Meningitis

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10
Q

What is the earliest sign of increased intracranial pressure?

A

Change in LOC

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11
Q

What is a normal intracranial pressure?

A

0-15 mm Hg

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12
Q

What are the 3 symptoms included in Cushing’s Triad?

A
  1. Systolic HTN with widened pulse pressure
  2. Slow, bounding pulse
  3. Irregular respirations
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13
Q

What are 8 symptoms of increased intracranial pressure?

A
  1. Restless
  2. Confusion
  3. Posturing
  4. Slow to respond to commands
  5. HA
  6. Pupil changes
  7. Change in LOC
  8. Slurred and slowed speech
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14
Q

Type of posturing where the arms are flexed and bent in toward the body and the legs are extended.

A

Decorticate

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15
Q

Type of posturing where all four extremities are in rigid extension

A

Decerebrate

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16
Q

What are 5 interventions for someone with increased intracranial pressure?

A
  1. Maintain oxygenation and cerebral perfusion (don’t want hypotension)
  2. Keep temp below 100.4
  3. Elevate HOB and keep head midline
  4. Limit suctioning and coughing
  5. Monitor GCS
17
Q

What type of isolation precautions are needed for bacterial meningitis?

A

Droplet

18
Q

What type of isolation precautions are needed for viral meningitis?

A

Contact

19
Q

What 3 classes of medications are used to treat meningitis?

A
  1. Steroids
  2. Antibiotics
  3. Analgesics
20
Q

Type of seizure classification where there is a sudden, brief contracture of a muscle or group of muscles.

A

Myoclonic

21
Q

What are 4 medications used to treat seizures?

A
  1. Lorazepam (Ativan)
  2. Diazepam (Valium)
  3. Phenobarbital
  4. Phenytoin (Dilantin)
22
Q

How can you tell CSF from other drainage?

A

Positive for glucose and halo test

23
Q

What is the goal with treating hematomas?

A

Control ICP

24
Q

A syndrome associated with upper spinal cord injury and characterized by severe hypertension, headache, bradycardia, nasal stuffiness, sweating, flushing, blurred vision, and anxiety.

A

Autonomic dysreflexia

25
Q

What 3 things can cause autonomic dysreflexia?

A
  1. Distended bladder
  2. Constipation
  3. Painful stimuli
26
Q

What are the 2 ways to treat autonomic dysreflexia?

A
  1. Treat the cause

2. Sit patient up to lower blood pressure

27
Q

What is the most important part of a neuro assessment?

A

LOC

NCLEX (16 decks)

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