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NCLEX > Maternity > Flashcards

Maternity Flashcards

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1
Q

What hormone is responsible for amenorrhea?

A

Progesterone

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2
Q

These signs of pregnancy include a positive pregnancy test, goodell’s sign, chadwick’s sign, hegar’s sign, uterine enlargement, braxton hicks, pigmentation and changes of skin, linea nigra, abdominal striae, facial chloasms, and darkening of the areola.

A

Probable signs

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3
Q

These signs of pregnancy include amenorrhea, nausea, vomiting, urinary frequency, and breast tenderness.

A

Presumptive signs

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4
Q

Softening of the cervix; occurs around the second month

A

Goodell’s sign

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5
Q

Bluish color of vaginal mucosa and cervix; occurs around week 4

A

Chadwick’s sign

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6
Q

Softening of the lower uterine segment; occurs around the second and third month of pregnancy

A

Hegar’s sign

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7
Q

These signs of pregnancy include fetal heartbeat, fetoscope, fetal movement, and ultrasound.

A

Positive signs

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8
Q

When is a fetal heartbeat heard via a doppler?

A

10-12 weeks

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9
Q

When is a fetoscope done?

A

17-20 weeks

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10
Q

Number of times a woman has been pregnant; includes miscarriages

A

Gravidity

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11
Q

Number of pregnancies in which the fetus reaches 20 weeks

A

Parity

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12
Q

Term used when the infant has the ability to live outside the uterus; 24 weeks

A

Viability

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13
Q

What does TPAL stand for? This acronym gives more information on parity

A

T - term
P - preterm
A - abortions (spontaneous and elective)
L - living children

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14
Q

What is the expected weight gain during the first trimester?

A

4 pounds

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15
Q

How many extra calories should be consumed? Protein?

A

Adults - 300
Adolescents - 500
Protein - 60 grams/day

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16
Q

What should iron be taken with to increase absorption?

A

Vitamin C

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17
Q

What does folic acid prevent and what is the daily dose?

A

Neural tube defects; 400 mcg/day

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18
Q

What is the exercise rule associated with heart rate?

A

Don’t let HR go above 140; no high impact or unaccustomed exercise plans

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19
Q

Why can’t pregnant women use hot tubs or electric blankets?

A

Increases body temp –> birth defects

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20
Q

What are the 8 danger signs of pregnancy?

A
  1. Sudden gush of vaginal fluid
  2. Bleeding
  3. Persistent vomiting
  4. Severe headache
  5. Abdominal pain
  6. Increase temp
  7. Edema
  8. No fetal movement
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21
Q

How often should a pregnant client visit the physician?
First 28 weeks: ______
28-36 weeks: _______
36 weeks: ______

A

First 28 weeks: once a month
28-36 weeks; every 2 weeks
36 weeks: weekly until delivery

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22
Q

What is the expected weight gain per week in the second trimester?

A

1 pound per week

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23
Q

Should the client still be experiencing nausea and vomiting, breast tenderness, or urinary frequency during the second trimester?

A

NV: No
Breast tenderness: Yes
Urinary frequency: No

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24
Q

What is quickening?

A

Fetal movement

25
Q

What should the fetal heart rate be during the second and third trimesters?

A

120-160

110 to 120 worried and watching; less than 110 panic

26
Q

What is the expected weight gain per week in the third trimester?

A

No more than 1 pound

27
Q

Should Leopold Manuevers be done during or between contractions?

A

Between (have client void first)

28
Q

When the presenting part of the fetus descends into the pelvis. The client will feel less congested and breathe easier, but urinary frequency is a problem again. Usually occurs 2 weeks before term.

A

Lightening

29
Q

Term for when the largest presenting part is in the pelvic inlet

A

Engagement

30
Q

Measures the relationship of the presenting part of the fetus to the ischial spines of the mother. Measured in centimeters.

A

Fetal stations

31
Q

What are the 6 signs of labor?

A
  1. Braxton hicks
  2. Softening of the cervix
  3. Bloody show
  4. Sudden burst of energy (nesting)
  5. Diarrhea
  6. Rupture of membranes
32
Q

When should the woman come to the hospital?

A

When contractions are 5 minutes apart or membranes have ruptured

33
Q

A diagnostic test where we want to see two or more accelerations of 15 beats/minute (or more) with fetal movement. The mom pushes a button every time she feels the baby move. Each increase should last 15 seconds and this is recorded for 20 minutes.

A

Non-stress test

34
Q

Do you want a non-stress test to be reactive or nonreactive?

A

Reactive

35
Q

A diagnostic test done during the last trimester. Measurements are done by ultrasound and each parameter is 2 points; heart rate, muscle tone, movement, breathing, amniotic fluid.

A

Biophysical profile test

36
Q

What are the 5 categories measured during a biophysical profile test and what do they mean?

A
  1. HR - was non-stress test reactive
  2. Muscle tone - does baby have 1 flexion-extension movement in 30 minutes
  3. Movement - does baby move at least 3 times in 30 minutes
  4. Breathing - does baby have breathing movements at least once in 30 minutes
  5. Amniotic fluid - is there enough amniotic fluid around baby
    (8-10 good; 6 worried;
37
Q

A diagnostic test that determines if the baby can handle the stress of a uterine contraction which decreases blood flow. Results are good for one week and this is rarely performed before 28 weeks.

A

Contraction stress test

38
Q

Do you want a contraction stress test to be positive or negative?

A

Negative (means no late decelerations were seen)

39
Q

Type of deceleration caused by hypoxia from fetal head compression

A

Early decelerations (ok)

40
Q

Type of deceleration caused by uteroplacental insufficiency

A

Late decelerations (bad)

41
Q

Type of deceleration caused by umbilical cord compression

A

Variable decelerations (bad)

42
Q

What is the major complication with epidurals and how is it fought?

A

Hypotension; IV bolus 1000ml NR or LR

43
Q

What contraction rate is wanted when someone is on pitocin?

A

Every 2-3 minutes lasting 60 seconds

turn off pitocin if more frequent or too long

44
Q

What are the expected postpartum vital signs (temp, BP, HR)?

A

Temp: may increase to 100.4 during first 4 hours
BP: stable
HR: 50-70 common for 6-10 days

45
Q

What should you think of a postpartum woman is tachycardic?

A

Hemorrhage

46
Q

What should you check if the fundus is not at the expected level or is not midline?

A

Bladder distention - have her void

47
Q

Immediately after birth the fundus is midline ___ to ___ finger breadths below umbilicus. A few hours after birth it rises to level of umbilicus or one finger breadth below.

A

2 to 3

48
Q

The term for when the fundus descends and the uterus returns to it’s pre-pregnancy size.

A

Involution

49
Q

Are afterpains more common in women who breastfeed?

A

Yes

50
Q

Postpartum lochia:
3-4 days: ______
4-10 days: _______
10-28 days (up to 6 weeks): _______

A

3-4 days: Rubra
4-10 days: Serosa
10-28 days: Alba

51
Q

How many extra calories does a breastfeeding mother need? What about fluid?

A

500 calories

8-10 glasses of fluid per day

52
Q

Can a woman still breastfeed if she has mastitis?

A

Yes - feed baby frequently and offer affected breast first

53
Q

When are APGAR scores done and what is looked at?

A

1 and 5 minutes

HR, respirations, muscle, reflex irritability, and color

54
Q

What 2 medications are given to newborns?

A
  1. Erythromycin (drops or ointment); prevent Chlamydia

2. Phytonadione (Aquamephyton); Vit K promotes formation of clotting factors

55
Q

What 2 times if Rhogam given?

A
  1. 72 hours after birth

2. 28 weeks gestation

56
Q

What 2 things do you have to do with a Rh+ fetus and a sensitized mother?

A
  1. Frequent ultrasounds

2. When baby stops growing, delivery ocurs

57
Q

Measures number of antibodies in the blood; done on mom

A

Indirect coombs test

58
Q

Tells if there are any antibodies stuck to the red blood cells; done on baby

A

Direct coombs test

NCLEX (16 decks)

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