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Maternity Flashcards

1
Q

What hormone is responsible for amenorrhea?

A

Progesterone

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2
Q

These signs of pregnancy include a positive pregnancy test, goodell’s sign, chadwick’s sign, hegar’s sign, uterine enlargement, braxton hicks, pigmentation and changes of skin, linea nigra, abdominal striae, facial chloasms, and darkening of the areola.

A

Probable signs

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3
Q

These signs of pregnancy include amenorrhea, nausea, vomiting, urinary frequency, and breast tenderness.

A

Presumptive signs

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4
Q

Softening of the cervix; occurs around the second month

A

Goodell’s sign

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5
Q

Bluish color of vaginal mucosa and cervix; occurs around week 4

A

Chadwick’s sign

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6
Q

Softening of the lower uterine segment; occurs around the second and third month of pregnancy

A

Hegar’s sign

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7
Q

These signs of pregnancy include fetal heartbeat, fetoscope, fetal movement, and ultrasound.

A

Positive signs

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8
Q

When is a fetal heartbeat heard via a doppler?

A

10-12 weeks

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9
Q

When is a fetoscope done?

A

17-20 weeks

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10
Q

Number of times a woman has been pregnant; includes miscarriages

A

Gravidity

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11
Q

Number of pregnancies in which the fetus reaches 20 weeks

A

Parity

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12
Q

Term used when the infant has the ability to live outside the uterus; 24 weeks

A

Viability

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13
Q

What does TPAL stand for? This acronym gives more information on parity

A

T - term
P - preterm
A - abortions (spontaneous and elective)
L - living children

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14
Q

What is the expected weight gain during the first trimester?

A

4 pounds

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15
Q

How many extra calories should be consumed? Protein?

A

Adults - 300
Adolescents - 500
Protein - 60 grams/day

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16
Q

What should iron be taken with to increase absorption?

A

Vitamin C

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17
Q

What does folic acid prevent and what is the daily dose?

A

Neural tube defects; 400 mcg/day

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18
Q

What is the exercise rule associated with heart rate?

A

Don’t let HR go above 140; no high impact or unaccustomed exercise plans

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19
Q

Why can’t pregnant women use hot tubs or electric blankets?

A

Increases body temp –> birth defects

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20
Q

What are the 8 danger signs of pregnancy?

A
  1. Sudden gush of vaginal fluid
  2. Bleeding
  3. Persistent vomiting
  4. Severe headache
  5. Abdominal pain
  6. Increase temp
  7. Edema
  8. No fetal movement
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21
Q

How often should a pregnant client visit the physician?
First 28 weeks: ______
28-36 weeks: _______
36 weeks: ______

A

First 28 weeks: once a month
28-36 weeks; every 2 weeks
36 weeks: weekly until delivery

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22
Q

What is the expected weight gain per week in the second trimester?

A

1 pound per week

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23
Q

Should the client still be experiencing nausea and vomiting, breast tenderness, or urinary frequency during the second trimester?

A

NV: No
Breast tenderness: Yes
Urinary frequency: No

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24
Q

What is quickening?

A

Fetal movement

25
What should the fetal heart rate be during the second and third trimesters?
120-160 | 110 to 120 worried and watching; less than 110 panic
26
What is the expected weight gain per week in the third trimester?
No more than 1 pound
27
Should Leopold Manuevers be done during or between contractions?
Between (have client void first)
28
When the presenting part of the fetus descends into the pelvis. The client will feel less congested and breathe easier, but urinary frequency is a problem again. Usually occurs 2 weeks before term.
Lightening
29
Term for when the largest presenting part is in the pelvic inlet
Engagement
30
Measures the relationship of the presenting part of the fetus to the ischial spines of the mother. Measured in centimeters.
Fetal stations
31
What are the 6 signs of labor?
1. Braxton hicks 2. Softening of the cervix 3. Bloody show 4. Sudden burst of energy (nesting) 5. Diarrhea 6. Rupture of membranes
32
When should the woman come to the hospital?
When contractions are 5 minutes apart or membranes have ruptured
33
A diagnostic test where we want to see two or more accelerations of 15 beats/minute (or more) with fetal movement. The mom pushes a button every time she feels the baby move. Each increase should last 15 seconds and this is recorded for 20 minutes.
Non-stress test
34
Do you want a non-stress test to be reactive or nonreactive?
Reactive
35
A diagnostic test done during the last trimester. Measurements are done by ultrasound and each parameter is 2 points; heart rate, muscle tone, movement, breathing, amniotic fluid.
Biophysical profile test
36
What are the 5 categories measured during a biophysical profile test and what do they mean?
1. HR - was non-stress test reactive 2. Muscle tone - does baby have 1 flexion-extension movement in 30 minutes 3. Movement - does baby move at least 3 times in 30 minutes 4. Breathing - does baby have breathing movements at least once in 30 minutes 5. Amniotic fluid - is there enough amniotic fluid around baby (8-10 good; 6 worried;
37
A diagnostic test that determines if the baby can handle the stress of a uterine contraction which decreases blood flow. Results are good for one week and this is rarely performed before 28 weeks.
Contraction stress test
38
Do you want a contraction stress test to be positive or negative?
Negative (means no late decelerations were seen)
39
Type of deceleration caused by hypoxia from fetal head compression
Early decelerations (ok)
40
Type of deceleration caused by uteroplacental insufficiency
Late decelerations (bad)
41
Type of deceleration caused by umbilical cord compression
Variable decelerations (bad)
42
What is the major complication with epidurals and how is it fought?
Hypotension; IV bolus 1000ml NR or LR
43
What contraction rate is wanted when someone is on pitocin?
Every 2-3 minutes lasting 60 seconds | turn off pitocin if more frequent or too long
44
What are the expected postpartum vital signs (temp, BP, HR)?
Temp: may increase to 100.4 during first 4 hours BP: stable HR: 50-70 common for 6-10 days
45
What should you think of a postpartum woman is tachycardic?
Hemorrhage
46
What should you check if the fundus is not at the expected level or is not midline?
Bladder distention - have her void
47
Immediately after birth the fundus is midline ___ to ___ finger breadths below umbilicus. A few hours after birth it rises to level of umbilicus or one finger breadth below.
2 to 3
48
The term for when the fundus descends and the uterus returns to it's pre-pregnancy size.
Involution
49
Are afterpains more common in women who breastfeed?
Yes
50
Postpartum lochia: 3-4 days: ______ 4-10 days: _______ 10-28 days (up to 6 weeks): _______
3-4 days: Rubra 4-10 days: Serosa 10-28 days: Alba
51
How many extra calories does a breastfeeding mother need? What about fluid?
500 calories | 8-10 glasses of fluid per day
52
Can a woman still breastfeed if she has mastitis?
Yes - feed baby frequently and offer affected breast first
53
When are APGAR scores done and what is looked at?
1 and 5 minutes | HR, respirations, muscle, reflex irritability, and color
54
What 2 medications are given to newborns?
1. Erythromycin (drops or ointment); prevent Chlamydia | 2. Phytonadione (Aquamephyton); Vit K promotes formation of clotting factors
55
What 2 times if Rhogam given?
1. 72 hours after birth | 2. 28 weeks gestation
56
What 2 things do you have to do with a Rh+ fetus and a sensitized mother?
1. Frequent ultrasounds | 2. When baby stops growing, delivery ocurs
57
Measures number of antibodies in the blood; done on mom
Indirect coombs test
58
Tells if there are any antibodies stuck to the red blood cells; done on baby
Direct coombs test

NCLEX (16 decks)

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