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STEP ONE FINAL > Renal > Flashcards

Renal Flashcards

1
Q

Most common site of obstruction in fetus

A

ureteropelvic junction

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2
Q

Causes of oligohydraminos

A

ARPKD
Obstructive uropathy
Bilateral renal agenesis

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3
Q

Horse shoe kidney gets trapped under

A

Inferior mesenteric artery

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4
Q

Associated with Horseshoe kidney

A 
Ureteropelvic obstruction
hydronephrosis
renal stones
infection
Aneuploidy syndromes (Edwards, patau, down's Turner)
renal cancer
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5
Q

nonfunctional kidney with cysts and connective tissue (cartilage

A

Multicystic dysplastic kidney

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6
Q

Y shaped bifid ureter

A

Duplex collecting duct

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7
Q

Equation for renal clearance

A

(UxV)/P

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8
Q

Equation for GFR

A

Inulin: (UxV)/P ~20%

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9
Q

Equation for RPF

A

PAH: (UxV)/P

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10
Q

Equation for RBF

A

RPF/(1-Hct)

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11
Q

Equation for filtration fraction

A

GFR/RPF

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12
Q

Deficiency of neutral amino acid transporters

A

Hartnup

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13
Q

pellagra like symptoms

A

Hartnup (decreased tryptophan conversion to niacin

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14
Q

Treatment for Hartnup

A

High protein diet and nicotinic acid

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15
Q

increased excretion of nearly all amino acids, glucose, bicarbonate and phosphate from proximal renal tubule

A

Fanconi syndrome

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16
Q

Causes of falcon syndrome

A 
Hereditary 
ischemia
multiple myeloma
nephrotoxins
lead poisoning
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17
Q

Defect in Na/Cl/K cotransporter

A

Bartter Syndrome

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18
Q

Defect in Na/Cl cotransporter

A

Gitelman syndrome

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19
Q

Gain of function of Na reabsorption

A

Little syndrome

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20
Q

Gain of function of Na reabsorption

A

Little syndrome

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21
Q

U waves on ECG

A

hypokalemia

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22
Q

tetany
seizures
GT prolongation

A

hypocalcemia

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23
Q

Stones, bones, grains, thrones and psychiatric overtones

A

Hypercalcemia

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24
Q

MUDPILES

A 
Anion Gap Renal Acidosis
Methanol
Uric Acid
DKA
Propylene glycol
Iron/Isoniazid
Lactic Acidosis
Ethylene glycol
Salicylates
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25
Q

HARD ASS

A 
Non-Anion gap renal acidosis
Hyperalimentation
Addisons
Renal tubular acidosis
Diarrhea
Acetazolamide
Spironolactone
Saline
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26
Q

Defect with intercalated cells secreting H+

A

Type 1 Renal tubular acidosis

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27
Q

Cause of type 1 RTA

A

Amphoteracin B
Analgesics
Anomalies(congenital)

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28
Q

Defect in bicarbonate reabsorption

A

Type II RTA

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29
Q

increased risk for hypophosphatemic rickets

A

Type II RTA

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30
Q

Causes of type II RTA

A

Fanconi syndrome

CA inhibitors

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31
Q

Hypoaldosteronism

A

Type IV RTA

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32
Q

RBC casts

A

Glomerulonephritis

malignant HTN

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33
Q

WBC Casts

A

Pylonephritis
transplant rejection
tubulointerstitial inflammation

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34
Q

Fatty Casts

A

Nephrotic syndrome

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35
Q

Granular casts

A

Acute tubular necrosis

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36
Q

Waxy casts

A

End stage renal disease

Chronic renal failure

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37
Q

due to GBM disruption

A

Nephritic syndrome

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38
Q

due to podocyte disruption

A

Nephrotic syndrome

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39
Q

Starry sky on IF

A

PSGN

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40
Q

lumpy bumpy

A

PSGN (IgM, IgG and C3 deposition along mesangium and GBM)

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41
Q

Type III hypersensitivity reaction

A

PSGN

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42
Q

cola colored urine

A

PSGN

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43
Q

fibrin and plasma proteins in crescent formation

A

RPGN

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44
Q

Type II hypersensitivity

A

RPGN

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45
Q

linear IF

A

Goodpasture syndrome

46
Q

Treatment of Goodpasture

A

emergent plasmapheresis

47
Q

Treatment of Goodpasture

A

emergent plasmapheresis

48
Q

Due to SLE membranproliferative disease

49
Q

most common cause of death in SLE patients

50
Q

Wire looping on Light microscopy

51
Q

mesangial proliferation

A

IgA nephropathy

52
Q

Associated with Henoch-Schonlein purpura

A

IgA nephropathy

53
Q

type 4 collagen defect

A

Alport syndrome

54
Q

can’t see, can’t pee, can’t hear a buzzing be

A

Alport syndrome

55
Q

Basket weave on electron microscopy

A

Alport syndrome

56
Q

tram track on PAS stain

A

MPGN type I

57
Q

dense deposits

A

MPGN type II

58
Q

secondary Hep B/C infection

A

MPGN type I

59
Q

C3 nepritic factor present

A

MPGN tpye II

60
Q

African americans/Hispanics

61
Q

effacement of foot processes on EM

A

Minimal change disease

62
Q

diffuse capillary and GBM thickening

A

Membranous nephropathy

63
Q

spike and dome appearance on EM

A

Membranous nephropathy

64
Q

Kimmelstiel Wilson lesions

A

Diabetic glomerulonephropathy

65
Q

Kimmelstiel Wilson lesions

A

Diabetic glomerulonephropathy

66
Q

Kimmelstiel Wilson lesions

A

Diabetic glomerulonephropathy

67
Q

Radiopaque

A

Calcium stones

Ammonium/Magnesium stones

68
Q

Causes of Oxalate crystal formation

A

ethylene glycol
Vit C abuse
hypocitraturia
malabsorption

69
Q

Treatment of calcium stones

A

Hydration
citrate
thiazides

70
Q

Coffin lid

A

Ammonium/magnesium phosphate crystals

71
Q

struvite

A

Ammonium/magnesium phosphate crystals

72
Q

urease positive bugs

A

Ammonium/magnesium phosphate crystals

73
Q

staghorn calculi

A

Ammonium/magnesium phosphate crystals

cysteine stones

74
Q

Radilucent

A

Uric acid stones

Cysteine stones

75
Q

Rhomboid

A

uric acid stones

76
Q

hyperuricemia

A

uric acid stones (TLS or gout)

77
Q

Treatment of uric acid stones

A

Allopruinol

alkalinize the urine

78
Q

Hexagonal crystal

A

Cystine stone

79
Q

Sodium cyanide nitroprusside test positive

A

Cystine stone

80
Q

treatment of Cystine stone

A

alkalinize the urine

81
Q

polygonal clear cells filled with accumulated lipids and carbohydrates

A

Renal cell carcinoma

82
Q

spreads hematagenously

A

Renal cell carcinoma

83
Q

Chromosome 3

A

vHL deletion

84
Q

benign epithelial tumor

A

renal oncocytoma

85
Q

Large eosinophilic cells with abundant mitochondria without perinuclear clearing

A

renal oncocytoma

86
Q

chromosome 11

A

WT1 and WT2 leading to Wilm’s tumor

87
Q

Beck with Wiedemann syndrome

A

Wilms tumor
macroglossia
organomegaly
hemihypertrophy

88
Q

Most common tumor of the urinary tract system

A

Transitional cell carcinoma

89
Q

Risk factors for Transitional cell carcinoma

A

Phenacetin
Smoking
Aniline dyes
Cyclophosphamide

90
Q

Schistosoma haematobium

A

Squamous cell carcinoma of bladder

91
Q

Chronic cystitis

A

Squamous cell carcinoma of bladder

92
Q

leukocyte esterase

A

Urinary tract infection

93
Q

nitrites

94
Q

Neutrophils infilitrate renal intersititium

A

Pyelonephritis

95
Q

striated parenchymal enhancement on CT

A

Pyelonephritis

96
Q

thyroidization of kidney

A

Chronic pyelonephritis

97
Q

thyroidization of kidney

A

Chronic pyelonephritis

98
Q

pyuria (eosinophils)

A

Drug induced interstitial nephritis

99
Q

1-2 weeks after a drug

A 
Diuretics
penicillin
PPI
sulfanomides
rifampin
100
Q

months after taking drug

101
Q

Causes of acute tubular necrosis

A 
ischemia
aminoglycosides
radiocontrast dye
lead
cisplatin
crush injury
hemoglobinuria
102
Q

Sickle Cell disease

A

renal papillary necrosis

103
Q

subperiosteal thinning of bones

A

renal osteodystrophy

104
Q

PKD1

A

ADPKD chromosome 16

105
Q

PKD2

A

ADPKD chromosome 4

106
Q

berry aneurysms

107
Q

MVP

108
Q

benign hepatic cysts

109
Q

congenital hepatic fibrosis

110
Q

risk of renal cell carcinoma

A

complex renal cyst

STEP ONE FINAL (8 decks)

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