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STEP ONE FINAL > Neurology > Flashcards

Neurology Flashcards

1
Q

ependymal cells

A

cover ventricles, produce CSF

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2
Q

Neuropores fail to fuse at 4 weeks gestation

A

Neural tube defects

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3
Q

Increase alphafetoprotein

A

Meningocele
Meningomyelocele
anencephaly

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4
Q

tuft of hair or skin

A

spina bifida occulta

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5
Q

herniation of meningies

A

meningocele

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6
Q

herniation of meningies and neural tissue

A

meningomyelocele

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7
Q

polyhydraminos

A

anencephaly

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8
Q

associated with maternal diabetes type 1

A

anencephaly

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9
Q

malformation of anterior neural tube

A

anencephaly

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10
Q

right and left hemisphere fail to separate

A

holoprosencephaly

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11
Q

mutation in sonic hedge hog

A

holoprosencephaly

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12
Q

Patau syndrome

A

holoprosencephaly

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13
Q

Fetal alcohol syndrome

A

holoprosencephaly

VSD

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14
Q

herniation of cerebellar tonsils and vermis through foramen magnum

A

Chiari malformation II

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15
Q

agenesis of cerebellar vermis

A

Dandy-walker

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16
Q

associated with meningiomyelocele

A

Chiari malformation II

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17
Q

cycstic cavity within spinal cord

A

syringomyelia

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18
Q

cape like loss of pain and temperature

A

Syringomyelia

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19
Q

cerebellar tonsilar ectopia

A

chiarai type I

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20
Q

associated with chiari type I

A

syringomyelia

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21
Q

GFAP

A

astrocyte marker

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22
Q

multinucleated giant cells in CNS of HIV pateints

A

microglia

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23
Q

schwannoma in internal acoustic meatus

A

acoustic neuroma

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24
Q

Associated with NF2

A

aoustic neuroma (when BILATERAL)

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25
Q

Fried egg on histology

A

oligodendrocyte

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26
Q

Oligodendrocyte Injury

A

multiple sclerosis
progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy
leukodystrophies

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27
Q

silver staining spherical tau protein aggregates

A

Pick’s disease

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28
Q

frontotemporal atrophy

A

Pick’s disease

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29
Q

alpha-synuclein defect

A

Lewy body dementia

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30
Q

rapidly progressive pneumonia with myoclonus

A

Creutzfeld-Jakob

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31
Q

ceruloplasmin deficiency

A

Wilson’s disease

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32
Q

Dementia, urinary incompetence, magnetic gait

A

Normal pressure hydrocephalus

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33
Q

germinal matrix bleed in infant

A

intraventricular hemmorhage

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34
Q

scanning speech

A

Multiple sclerosis

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35
Q

Intention tremor

A

Multilpe sclerosis

Elderly

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36
Q

Rx for intention tremor

A

beta blocker

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37
Q

internuclear opthalmoplegia

A

multiple sclerosis

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38
Q

oligoclonal bands

A

multiple sclerosis (diagnostic

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39
Q

Ascending muscle weakness/paralysis

A

Guillain Barre

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40
Q

increase in CSF protein causing papilledema

A

Guillain Barre

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41
Q

Multifocal periventricular inflammation and demyleination

A

Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis

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42
Q

defective protein production in the myelin sheeth

A

Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease

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43
Q

deficiency in galactocerbrosidase

A

Krabbe disease

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44
Q

Globoid cells

A

Krabbe disease

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45
Q

arylsulfatase A deficiency

A

Metachromatic leukodystrophy

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46
Q

JC virus

A

progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy

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47
Q

mechanism of PML

A

demyelination of CNS oligodendrocytes (rapidly progressive and fatal)

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48
Q

Impaired Long chain fatty acid metabolism

A

adrenoleukodystrophy

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49
Q

Long chain fatty acids build in nerves, adrenals, testes

A

adrenoleukodystrophy

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50
Q

Seizure: intact consciousness with isolated motor, sensory, autonomic or psychic symptoms

A

Simple partial

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51
Q

Isolated seizure with loss of consciousness

A

Complex partial

52
Q

Seizure with blank stare

A

Absence

53
Q

Seizure with quick, repetitive jerks

A

Myoclonic

54
Q

Seizure alternating stiffening and movement

A

Tonic-clonic

55
Q

Drop seizure

A

Atonic

56
Q

Treatment for partial seizures

A

Carbazepine
Gabapentin
Phenobarbital
Phenytoin

57
Q

Treatment for generalized seizures

A

Lamotrigine
Levetricacetum
Topiramate
Valproic acid

58
Q

Treatment for abscence seizure

A

Ethosuximide

59
Q

Repetitive brief headaches with lacrimation and rhinorrhea

A

Cluster headache

60
Q

Steady headache

A

Tension

61
Q

Pulsating/ throbbing headache pain

A

Migraine

62
Q

activating mutation of GNAQ gene

A

Sturge Weber syndrome

63
Q

port wine stain on face

A

sturge weber syndrome

64
Q

ipsilateral leptomeningeal rhabdomyoma

A

sturge weber syndrome

65
Q

early onset glaucoma

A

sturge weber

66
Q

hamartomas in CNS and skin

A

tuberous sclerosis

67
Q

ash leaf spots

A

tuberous sclerosis

68
Q

renal angiomyolipoma

A

tuberous sclerosis

69
Q

shagreen patches

A

tuberous sclerosis

70
Q

cafe-au-lait

A

NF1

71
Q

Lisch nodules

A

NF1 (pigmented nodules in the iris

72
Q

butteryfly glioma

A

glioblastoma multiforme

73
Q

GFAP positive

A

glioblastoma multiforme

pilocytic astrocytoma

74
Q

pseudopalisading

A

glioblastoma multiforme

75
Q

arises from arachnoid cells

A

meningioma

76
Q

spindle cells in whorled pattern

A

meningioma starry sky

77
Q

psammoma bodies

A

meningioma

78
Q

secondary polycythmia

A

hemangioblastoma

79
Q

tumor at cerebellopontine angle

A

schwannoma

80
Q

S-100 positive

A

schwannoma

81
Q

bilateral vestibular schwannomas

A

NF2

82
Q

tumor localized to cranial nerve 8

A

schwannoma

83
Q

“chicken wire” capillaries

A

oligodendrioma

84
Q

fried egg apperance

A

oligodendrioma

85
Q

Tumor commonly found in frontal lobe

A

oligodendrioma

86
Q

Rosenthal fibers

A

pilocytic astrocytoma

87
Q

Highly malignant cerebellar tumor

A

medulloblastoma

88
Q

Homer Wright Rosettes

A

medulloblastoma

89
Q

ependymal cell tumor

A

ependymoma

90
Q

Rod shaped blepharoplasts

A

ependymoma

91
Q

most common childhood supratentorial tumor

A

crinopharyngioma

92
Q

tooth like calcification

A

craniopharyngioma

93
Q

compress anterior cerebral artery

A

cingulate herniation

94
Q

rupture of the paramedian basilar artery

A

downward transtentorial herniation

95
Q

compresses CN8, ipsilateral PCA, and contralateral crus cerebri

A

uncal herniation

96
Q

can compress brainstem

A

cerebellar tonsillar herniation

97
Q

jaw deviates toward lesion

A

Cranial nerve V3

98
Q

uvula deviates away from lesion

A

Cranial nerve X

99
Q

tongue deviates toward side of lesion

A

Cranial nerve XII (if LMN)

100
Q

loss of lacrimation and salvation from sublingual and submandibular

A

CN VII

101
Q

Loss taste on anterior 2/3 tongue

A

CN VII

102
Q

Loss sensation on anterior 2/3 tongue

A

CN V3

103
Q

Loss of sensation and taste from posterior 1/3 of tongue

A

CN IX

104
Q

Loss of sensation and taste from posterior 1/3 of tongue

A

CN IX

105
Q

Conductive Hearing loss

A

Weber: louder in affected ear
Rinne: abnormal

106
Q

Sensioneural hearing loss

A

Weber: Louder in unaffected
Rhine: normal

107
Q

Sensioneural hearing loss

A

Weber: Louder in unaffected
Rhine: normal

108
Q

treatment for dry macular degeneration

A

antioxidants and multivitamin

109
Q

treatment for wet macular degeneration

A

anti VEGF ie ranibizumab

110
Q

retinal hemorrhages and venous engorgement with edema

A

Retinal vein occlusion

111
Q

Curtain drawn down

A

retinal detachment

112
Q

cloudy attenuated vesselsand cherry red spot on fovea

A

central retinal artery occlusion

113
Q

Progressive vision loss beginning with night blindness

A

retinitis pigmentosa

114
Q

retinal edema and necrosis leading to scar

A

retinitis

115
Q

Increased intracranial pressure

A

Papilledema

116
Q

decreased bilateral pupillary constriction when light shown into affected eye

A

Marcus Gunn Pupil

117
Q

afferent pupillary defect

A

Marcus Gunn pupil

118
Q

ptosis with down and out gaze

A

CN III motor

119
Q

decreased pupillary light reflex
blown pupil
down and out gaze

A

CN III parasympathetic

120
Q

eye moves upward with contralateral gaze

A

CN IV damage

121
Q

head tilt towards size of lesion

A

CN IV damage

122
Q

medially directed eye that cannot abduct

A

CN VI lesion

123
Q

allows for crosstalk between CN VI and CN III

A

Medial Longitudinal fasciculus

124
Q

Highly myeinated

A

MLF

125
Q

abducting eye gets nystagmus

A

damage to MLF

STEP ONE FINAL (8 decks)

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