Hematology and Oncology Flashcards
1
Q
dense granules
A
In platelets:
ADP
Ca
2
Q
Basophil contents
A
heparin
histamine
3
Q
Acanthocyte
A
Liver disease
abetalipoproteinemia
(spur cell)
4
Q
Basophilic stippling
A
Lead poisoning
5
Q
Degmacyte
A
G6PD (Bite cell)
6
Q
elliptocyte
A
hereditary elliptocytosis
7
Q
macro-ovalocyte
A
Megaloblastic anemia
8
Q
ringed sideroblast
A
sideroblastic anemia
9
Q
Schistocyte
A
DIC
TPP/HUS
HELLP
mechanical hemolysis
10
Q
Spherocyte
A
hereditary spherocytosis
drug and infection induced hemolytic anemia
11
Q
Dacrocyte
A
Myelofibrosis
teardrop cell
12
Q
Target cell
A
HbC
Asplenia
Liver disease
Thalassemia
13
Q
Target cell
A
HbC
Asplenia
Liver disease
Thalassemia
14
Q
Heinz bodies
A
G6PD
15
Q
Howell Jolly bodies
A
hyposplenia
asplenia
16
Q
conjunctival pallor
A
iron deficiency
17
Q
spoon nails
A
iron deficiency
18
Q
Gene defect in alpha thal
A
gene deletions
19
Q
Gene defect in beta thal
A
point mutations in splice sites
promoter sequences
20
Q
“crew cut” on X ray
A
marrow expansion in beta thal
Sickle cell
21
Q
Chipmunk facies
A
marrow expansion in beta thal
22
Q
Lead poisoning MOA
A
inhibit:
ferrochelatase
ALA dehydratase
23
Q
Burton lines
A
Lead poisoning
24
Q
Wrist and foot drop
A
Lead poisoning
25
Treatment for lead poisoning
Dimercaprol
| EDTA
26
Lead poisoning chelation in children
Succimer
27
Hereditary Sideroblastic Anemia MOA
delta ALA sythase (X linked)
28
Reversible causes of sideroblastic anemia
```
Alcohol
Lead
Vit B6 deficient
Copper deficiency
isoniazid
```
29
Treatment of sideroblastic anemia
pyrudoxine
30
increased homocysteine with normal methylmalonic acid
folate deficiency
31
Diphyllobothrium latum
B12 deficeincy
32
defect in UMP synthase
orotic aciduria
33
failure to thrive
developmental delay
megaloblastic anemia
Orotic aciduria
34
orotic acid with hyperammonemia
ornithine transcarbomylase deficiency
35
Causes of nonmegaloblastic microcytic anemias
alcholism
liver disease
hypothyroidism
reticulocytosis
36
Associated with anemia of chronic disease
Rheumatoid arthritis
SLE
neoplastic
Chronic kidney disease
37
Causes of aplastic anemia
```
Radiation
Drugs(alkylating, antimetabolites, benzene, chloramphenacol)
Viral
Fanconi anemia
Idiopathic
```
38
dry bone tap
aplastic anemia
| Hairy Cell Leukemia
39
RBC lacking central pallor
spherocytosis
40
Most common enzymatic disorder of RBC
G6PD
41
Presents as back pain and hemoglobinuria a few days after insult
G6PD
42
decreased glutathione
G6PD
43
hemolytic anemia in a newborn
pyruvate kinase deficiency
44
decreased ATP productione
pyruvate kinase deficiency
45
rigid RBC
pyruvate kinase deficiency
46
increased complement mediated RBC lysis
Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
47
increased incidence of acute leukemia
Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
48
coombs negative hemaglobinuria
pancytopenia
venous thrombosis
Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
49
CD55/CD59 negative RBC on flow cytometry
Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
50
treatment for Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
eculizumab (terminal complement inhibitor)
51
Salmonella osteomyelitis
Sickle Cell
52
chronic anemia in SLE and CLL and alpha methyldopa
Warm agglutinin Autoimmune hemolytic anemia
53
Coombs positive
Autoimmune hemolytic anemia
54
CLL
Mycoplasma
Mononucleosis
Cold agglutinin Autoimmune hemolytic anemia
55
accumulation of protoporphyrin and delta ALA in the blood
lead poisoning
56
deficienct porphobilinogen deaminase
Acute intermittent porphyria
57
accumulation Porphobilnogen, deltaALA and coporphobilinogen in the urine
Acute intermittent porphyria
58
Port wine colored urine
Acute intermittent porphyria
59
Polyneuropathy
Acute intermittent porphyria
60
treatment of Acute intermittent porphyria
glucose and heme
61
deficiency in uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase
Porphyria cutanea tarda
62
accumulation of uroporphyrin
Porphyria cutanea tarda
63
tea colored urine
Porphyria cutanea tarda
64
tea colored urine
Porphyria cutanea tarda
65
blistering cutaneous photosensitivity
Porphyria cutanea tarda
66
most common porphyria
Porphyria cutanea tarda
67
Inducers
```
Chronic Alcoholics
St John's War
Phenobarbital
Phenytoin
Nevirapine
Rifampin
Griseofulvin
Carbamazepine
```
68
Heme pathway starts with
Glycine and succinyl Co A
69
Heme production requires vitamin
B6
70
Treatment for Iron overdose
deferoxamine and dialysis
71
deficiency in factor 8
Hemophilia A
72
deficiency in factor 9
Hemophilia B
73
deficiency in factor 11
Hemophilia C
74
hemarthroses
Hemophilia
75
Treatment of hemophilia
desmopressin
| factor 8/9/11 concentrate
76
Large platelets
Bernard Soulier syndrome
77
Decrease GpIb
Bernard Soulier syndrome
78
decrease GpIIb/IIIa
Glanzamann thrombasthenia
79
Agglutination with ristocetin cofactor
Glanzamann thrombasthenia
80
anti GpIIb/IIIa antibodies
immune thrombocytopenia
81
associated with viral illness
immune thrombocytopenia
82
increase megakaryocytic on bone marrow biopsy
immune thrombocytopenia
83
treatment for immune thrombocytopenia
steroids
| IVIG
84
ADAMTS13
thrombotic thrombocytopenia purpura
85
large vWF multimers
thrombotic thrombocytopenia purpura
86
schistiocytes
| increased LDH
thrombotic thrombocytopenia purpura
87
```
Pentad
neurologic
renal
fever
thrombocytopenia
microangiopathic hemolytic anemia
```
thrombotic thrombocytopenia purpura
88
treatment of thrombotic thrombocytopenia purpura
plasmaphoresis
| steroids
89
intrinsic pathway coagulation defect
von Willibrand disease
90
autosomal dominant
von Willibrand disease
91
most common inherited bleeding disorder
von Willibrand disease
92
treatment of von Willibrand disease
desmopressin
93
increased fibrin split products
DIC
94
No change in BT, PT or PTT
Antithrombin deficiency
95
factor five is resistant to degradation by protein C
Factor five Leiden
96
most common cause of inherited hyper coagulability in whites
Factor five Leiden
97
decreased ability to inactive Va and VIIIa
Protein C/S deficiency
98
skin and sub cu necrosis after warfarin
Protein C/S deficiency
99
mutation in 3' untranslated region
prothrombin gene mutation
100
Cryoprecipitatie
```
fibrinogen
Factor VIII
Factor XIII
vWF
fibronectin
```
101
MOA hypocalcemia after transfusion
citrate binds calcium
102
MOA hyperkalemia after transfusion
RBC lyse old cells
103
Reed Sternberg cells
Hodgkin's Lymphoma
104
Bimodal distribution
Hodgkin's Lymphoma
105
Associated with EBV
Hodgkin's Lymphoma
106
Fever
Night sweats
Weight loss
B Signs
| Hodgkin's Lymphoma
107
Associated with HIV and autoimmune disease
NonHodgkin's Lymphoma
108
CD15 + CD30
Reed Sternberg Cells
109
binucleate mirror images
Reed Sternberg Cells
110
Most common type of Hodgkin's lymphoma
Nodular sclerosing
111
Hodgkin's lymphoma with best prognosis
Lymphocyte rich
112
t(8,14) translocation
Burkitt Lymphoma
113
c-myc
Burkitt Lymphoma (transcriptional activator)
114
Starry Sky
Buritt lymphoma
115
Most common type of non-hodgkin's lymphoma in adults
Diffuse large B cell lymphoma
116
t(14;18)
follicular lymphoma
117
BCL2
follicular lymphoma (inhibits apoptosis)
118
waxing and waning lymphadenopathy
follicular lymphoma
119
t(11;14)
Mantle Cell Lymphoma
120
cyclin D1
Mantle Cell Lymphoma
121
CD5+
Mantle Cell Lymphoma
122
HTLV1
Adult T cell lymphoma
123
cutaneous lesions
Adult T cell lymphoma
124
cerebriform nuclei
Mycosis fungoides/Sezary
125
atypical CD4 cells
Mycosis fungoides/Sezary
126
fried egg appearance
Multiple myeloma
Oligodendrioma
Mycoplasma
Seminoma
127
Most common tumor arising in the bone
Multiple myeloma
128
punched out lytic bone lesion
Multiple myeloma
| Human t cell lymphoma
129
Bence Jones
Multiple myeloma
130
Rouleaux
Multiple myeloma
131
M spike
Multiple myeloma
| Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia
132
blurred vision
| Raynaud's
Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia
133
neutrophils with bilobed nuclei often after chemotherapy
Pseudo-Pelger-Huet anomaly
134
risk of developing AML
myelodysplastic syndrome
135
mediastinal mass
T Cell ALL
136
Down Syndrome
ALL
| AML
137
Tdt+
ALL
138
CD10+
pre-B ALL
139
Leukemia most responsive to therapy
ALL
140
Spread to CNS and Teste
ALL
141
t(12;21)
ALL
142
Most common adult leukemia
SLL/CLL
143
CD20/CD5 B cell neoplasm
SLL/CLL
144
smudge cells
SLL.CLL
145
Autoimmune hemolytic anemia
SLL/CLL
146
increased peripheral blood lymphocytosis
CLL
147
Mature B cell tumor in elderly
Hairy Cell Leukemia
148
filamentous hairy like projections
Hairy Cell Leukemia
149
marrow fibrosis
Hairy Cell Leukemia
150
TRAP stianing
Hairy Cell Leukemia
151
Treatment of Hairy cell leukemia
cladribine
| pentostatin
152
Auer rods
AML
153
peroxidase positive cytoplasmic inclusions
AML M3
154
Large increase in peripheral myeloblasts
AML
155
Risk Factors for AML
alkylating chemotherapy
Radiation
myeloproliferative disorders
Down syndrome
156
t(15;17)
AML M3
157
all trans retinoid acid treatment
AML M3
158
Common AL presentation
DIC
159
Philadelphia chromosome
CML
160
t(9;22)
CML
161
BCR-ABL
CML
162
may transform to AML or ALL
CML
163
very low LAP
CML
164
Treatment for CML
imatinib
165
Child with lytic bone lesions, skin rash and otitis media
Langerhans histiocytosis
166
S-100 positive
Langerhans histiocytosis
167
CD1a
Langerhans histiocytosis
168
Birbeck granules
Langerhans histiocytosis
169
Jak mutation
Polycythemia vera
Essential thrombocytosis
Myelofibrosis
170
intense itching after hot shower
polycythemia vera
171
erythromelalgia
polycythemia vera
172
specific for overproduction of platelets
Essential thrombocytosis
173
increase fibroblast activity obliterates bonemarrow
Myelofibrosis
174
massive splengomegaly
Myelofibrosis
