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STEP ONE FINAL > Hematology and Oncology > Flashcards

Hematology and Oncology Flashcards

1
Q

dense granules

A

In platelets:
ADP
Ca

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2
Q

Basophil contents

A

heparin

histamine

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3
Q

Acanthocyte

A

Liver disease
abetalipoproteinemia
(spur cell)

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4
Q

Basophilic stippling

A

Lead poisoning

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5
Q

Degmacyte

A

G6PD (Bite cell)

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6
Q

elliptocyte

A

hereditary elliptocytosis

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7
Q

macro-ovalocyte

A

Megaloblastic anemia

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8
Q

ringed sideroblast

A

sideroblastic anemia

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9
Q

Schistocyte

A

DIC
TPP/HUS
HELLP
mechanical hemolysis

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10
Q

Spherocyte

A

hereditary spherocytosis

drug and infection induced hemolytic anemia

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11
Q

Dacrocyte

A

Myelofibrosis

teardrop cell

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12
Q

Target cell

A

HbC
Asplenia
Liver disease
Thalassemia

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13
Q

Target cell

A

HbC
Asplenia
Liver disease
Thalassemia

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14
Q

Heinz bodies

A

G6PD

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15
Q

Howell Jolly bodies

A

hyposplenia

asplenia

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16
Q

conjunctival pallor

A

iron deficiency

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17
Q

spoon nails

A

iron deficiency

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18
Q

Gene defect in alpha thal

A

gene deletions

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19
Q

Gene defect in beta thal

A

point mutations in splice sites

promoter sequences

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20
Q

“crew cut” on X ray

A

marrow expansion in beta thal

Sickle cell

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21
Q

Chipmunk facies

A

marrow expansion in beta thal

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22
Q

Lead poisoning MOA

A

inhibit:
ferrochelatase
ALA dehydratase

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23
Q

Burton lines

A

Lead poisoning

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24
Q

Wrist and foot drop

A

Lead poisoning

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25
Q

Treatment for lead poisoning

A

Dimercaprol

EDTA

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26
Q

Lead poisoning chelation in children

A

Succimer

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27
Q

Hereditary Sideroblastic Anemia MOA

A

delta ALA sythase (X linked)

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28
Q

Reversible causes of sideroblastic anemia

A 
Alcohol
Lead
Vit B6 deficient
Copper deficiency
isoniazid
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29
Q

Treatment of sideroblastic anemia

A

pyrudoxine

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30
Q

increased homocysteine with normal methylmalonic acid

A

folate deficiency

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31
Q

Diphyllobothrium latum

A

B12 deficeincy

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32
Q

defect in UMP synthase

A

orotic aciduria

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33
Q

failure to thrive
developmental delay
megaloblastic anemia

A

Orotic aciduria

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34
Q

orotic acid with hyperammonemia

A

ornithine transcarbomylase deficiency

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35
Q

Causes of nonmegaloblastic microcytic anemias

A

alcholism
liver disease
hypothyroidism
reticulocytosis

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36
Q

Associated with anemia of chronic disease

A

Rheumatoid arthritis
SLE
neoplastic
Chronic kidney disease

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37
Q

Causes of aplastic anemia

A 
Radiation
Drugs(alkylating, antimetabolites, benzene, chloramphenacol)
Viral
Fanconi anemia
Idiopathic
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38
Q

dry bone tap

A

aplastic anemia

Hairy Cell Leukemia

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39
Q

RBC lacking central pallor

A

spherocytosis

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40
Q

Most common enzymatic disorder of RBC

A

G6PD

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41
Q

Presents as back pain and hemoglobinuria a few days after insult

A

G6PD

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42
Q

decreased glutathione

A

G6PD

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43
Q

hemolytic anemia in a newborn

A

pyruvate kinase deficiency

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44
Q

decreased ATP productione

A

pyruvate kinase deficiency

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45
Q

rigid RBC

A

pyruvate kinase deficiency

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46
Q

increased complement mediated RBC lysis

A

Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria

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47
Q

increased incidence of acute leukemia

A

Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria

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48
Q

coombs negative hemaglobinuria
pancytopenia
venous thrombosis

A

Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria

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49
Q

CD55/CD59 negative RBC on flow cytometry

A

Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria

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50
Q

treatment for Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria

A

eculizumab (terminal complement inhibitor)

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51
Q

Salmonella osteomyelitis

A

Sickle Cell

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52
Q

chronic anemia in SLE and CLL and alpha methyldopa

A

Warm agglutinin Autoimmune hemolytic anemia

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53
Q

Coombs positive

A

Autoimmune hemolytic anemia

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54
Q

CLL
Mycoplasma
Mononucleosis

A

Cold agglutinin Autoimmune hemolytic anemia

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55
Q

accumulation of protoporphyrin and delta ALA in the blood

A

lead poisoning

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56
Q

deficienct porphobilinogen deaminase

A

Acute intermittent porphyria

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57
Q

accumulation Porphobilnogen, deltaALA and coporphobilinogen in the urine

A

Acute intermittent porphyria

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58
Q

Port wine colored urine

A

Acute intermittent porphyria

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59
Q

Polyneuropathy

A

Acute intermittent porphyria

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60
Q

treatment of Acute intermittent porphyria

A

glucose and heme

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61
Q

deficiency in uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase

A

Porphyria cutanea tarda

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62
Q

accumulation of uroporphyrin

A

Porphyria cutanea tarda

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63
Q

tea colored urine

A

Porphyria cutanea tarda

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64
Q

tea colored urine

A

Porphyria cutanea tarda

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65
Q

blistering cutaneous photosensitivity

A

Porphyria cutanea tarda

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66
Q

most common porphyria

A

Porphyria cutanea tarda

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67
Q

Inducers

A 
Chronic Alcoholics
St John's War
Phenobarbital
Phenytoin
Nevirapine
Rifampin
Griseofulvin
Carbamazepine
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68
Q

Heme pathway starts with

A

Glycine and succinyl Co A

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69
Q

Heme production requires vitamin

A

B6

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70
Q

Treatment for Iron overdose

A

deferoxamine and dialysis

71
Q

deficiency in factor 8

A

Hemophilia A

72
Q

deficiency in factor 9

A

Hemophilia B

73
Q

deficiency in factor 11

A

Hemophilia C

74
Q

hemarthroses

A

Hemophilia

75
Q

Treatment of hemophilia

A

desmopressin

factor 8/9/11 concentrate

76
Q

Large platelets

A

Bernard Soulier syndrome

77
Q

Decrease GpIb

A

Bernard Soulier syndrome

78
Q

decrease GpIIb/IIIa

A

Glanzamann thrombasthenia

79
Q

Agglutination with ristocetin cofactor

A

Glanzamann thrombasthenia

80
Q

anti GpIIb/IIIa antibodies

A

immune thrombocytopenia

81
Q

associated with viral illness

A

immune thrombocytopenia

82
Q

increase megakaryocytic on bone marrow biopsy

A

immune thrombocytopenia

83
Q

treatment for immune thrombocytopenia

A

steroids

IVIG

84
Q

ADAMTS13

A

thrombotic thrombocytopenia purpura

85
Q

large vWF multimers

A

thrombotic thrombocytopenia purpura

86
Q

schistiocytes

increased LDH

A

thrombotic thrombocytopenia purpura

87
Q 
Pentad
neurologic
renal
fever
thrombocytopenia
microangiopathic hemolytic anemia
A

thrombotic thrombocytopenia purpura

88
Q

treatment of thrombotic thrombocytopenia purpura

A

plasmaphoresis

steroids

89
Q

intrinsic pathway coagulation defect

A

von Willibrand disease

90
Q

autosomal dominant

A

von Willibrand disease

91
Q

most common inherited bleeding disorder

A

von Willibrand disease

92
Q

treatment of von Willibrand disease

A

desmopressin

93
Q

increased fibrin split products

A

DIC

94
Q

No change in BT, PT or PTT

A

Antithrombin deficiency

95
Q

factor five is resistant to degradation by protein C

A

Factor five Leiden

96
Q

most common cause of inherited hyper coagulability in whites

A

Factor five Leiden

97
Q

decreased ability to inactive Va and VIIIa

A

Protein C/S deficiency

98
Q

skin and sub cu necrosis after warfarin

A

Protein C/S deficiency

99
Q

mutation in 3’ untranslated region

A

prothrombin gene mutation

100
Q

Cryoprecipitatie

A 
fibrinogen
Factor VIII
Factor XIII
vWF
fibronectin
101
Q

MOA hypocalcemia after transfusion

A

citrate binds calcium

102
Q

MOA hyperkalemia after transfusion

A

RBC lyse old cells

103
Q

Reed Sternberg cells

A

Hodgkin’s Lymphoma

104
Q

Bimodal distribution

A

Hodgkin’s Lymphoma

105
Q

Associated with EBV

A

Hodgkin’s Lymphoma

106
Q

Fever
Night sweats
Weight loss

A

B Signs

Hodgkin’s Lymphoma

107
Q

Associated with HIV and autoimmune disease

A

NonHodgkin’s Lymphoma

108
Q

CD15 + CD30

A

Reed Sternberg Cells

109
Q

binucleate mirror images

A

Reed Sternberg Cells

110
Q

Most common type of Hodgkin’s lymphoma

A

Nodular sclerosing

111
Q

Hodgkin’s lymphoma with best prognosis

A

Lymphocyte rich

112
Q

t(8,14) translocation

A

Burkitt Lymphoma

113
Q

c-myc

A

Burkitt Lymphoma (transcriptional activator)

114
Q

Starry Sky

A

Buritt lymphoma

115
Q

Most common type of non-hodgkin’s lymphoma in adults

A

Diffuse large B cell lymphoma

116
Q

t(14;18)

A

follicular lymphoma

117
Q

BCL2

A

follicular lymphoma (inhibits apoptosis)

118
Q

waxing and waning lymphadenopathy

A

follicular lymphoma

119
Q

t(11;14)

A

Mantle Cell Lymphoma

120
Q

cyclin D1

A

Mantle Cell Lymphoma

121
Q

CD5+

A

Mantle Cell Lymphoma

122
Q

HTLV1

A

Adult T cell lymphoma

123
Q

cutaneous lesions

A

Adult T cell lymphoma

124
Q

cerebriform nuclei

A

Mycosis fungoides/Sezary

125
Q

atypical CD4 cells

A

Mycosis fungoides/Sezary

126
Q

fried egg appearance

A

Multiple myeloma
Oligodendrioma
Mycoplasma
Seminoma

127
Q

Most common tumor arising in the bone

A

Multiple myeloma

128
Q

punched out lytic bone lesion

A

Multiple myeloma

Human t cell lymphoma

129
Q

Bence Jones

A

Multiple myeloma

130
Q

Rouleaux

A

Multiple myeloma

131
Q

M spike

A

Multiple myeloma

Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia

132
Q

blurred vision

Raynaud’s

A

Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia

133
Q

neutrophils with bilobed nuclei often after chemotherapy

A

Pseudo-Pelger-Huet anomaly

134
Q

risk of developing AML

A

myelodysplastic syndrome

135
Q

mediastinal mass

A

T Cell ALL

136
Q

Down Syndrome

A

ALL

AML

137
Q

Tdt+

A

ALL

138
Q

CD10+

A

pre-B ALL

139
Q

Leukemia most responsive to therapy

A

ALL

140
Q

Spread to CNS and Teste

A

ALL

141
Q

t(12;21)

A

ALL

142
Q

Most common adult leukemia

A

SLL/CLL

143
Q

CD20/CD5 B cell neoplasm

A

SLL/CLL

144
Q

smudge cells

A

SLL.CLL

145
Q

Autoimmune hemolytic anemia

A

SLL/CLL

146
Q

increased peripheral blood lymphocytosis

A

CLL

147
Q

Mature B cell tumor in elderly

A

Hairy Cell Leukemia

148
Q

filamentous hairy like projections

A

Hairy Cell Leukemia

149
Q

marrow fibrosis

A

Hairy Cell Leukemia

150
Q

TRAP stianing

A

Hairy Cell Leukemia

151
Q

Treatment of Hairy cell leukemia

A

cladribine

pentostatin

152
Q

Auer rods

A

AML

153
Q

peroxidase positive cytoplasmic inclusions

A

AML M3

154
Q

Large increase in peripheral myeloblasts

A

AML

155
Q

Risk Factors for AML

A

alkylating chemotherapy
Radiation
myeloproliferative disorders
Down syndrome

156
Q

t(15;17)

A

AML M3

157
Q

all trans retinoid acid treatment

A

AML M3

158
Q

Common AL presentation

A

DIC

159
Q

Philadelphia chromosome

A

CML

160
Q

t(9;22)

A

CML

161
Q

BCR-ABL

A

CML

162
Q

may transform to AML or ALL

A

CML

163
Q

very low LAP

A

CML

164
Q

Treatment for CML

A

imatinib

165
Q

Child with lytic bone lesions, skin rash and otitis media

A

Langerhans histiocytosis

166
Q

S-100 positive

A

Langerhans histiocytosis

167
Q

CD1a

A

Langerhans histiocytosis

168
Q

Birbeck granules

A

Langerhans histiocytosis

169
Q

Jak mutation

A

Polycythemia vera
Essential thrombocytosis
Myelofibrosis

170
Q

intense itching after hot shower

A

polycythemia vera

171
Q

erythromelalgia

A

polycythemia vera

172
Q

specific for overproduction of platelets

A

Essential thrombocytosis

173
Q

increase fibroblast activity obliterates bonemarrow

A

Myelofibrosis

174
Q

massive splengomegaly

A

Myelofibrosis

STEP ONE FINAL (8 decks)

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