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STEP ONE FINAL > Endocrine > Flashcards

Endocrine Flashcards

1
Q

Associated with sleep loss and Prader Willi

A

Increased Ghrelin

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2
Q

cAMP signalers

A 
FSH
LH
ACTH
TSH
CRH
hCG
ADH V2
MSH
PTH, calcitonin, GHRH, glucagon
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3
Q

cGMP signalers

A

ANP, BNP, NO

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4
Q

IP3

A 
GnRH
Oxytocin
ADH V1
TRH
Histamine
Angiotensin II 
Gastrin
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5
Q

Wolff Chaikoff effect

A

Excess Iodine temporarily blocks uptake.

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6
Q

metyrapone

A

inhibits 11B hydroxylase and stops cortisol synthesis

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7
Q

MSH

A

breakdown product from the production of ACTH

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8
Q

Most common cause of Cushing Syndrome

A

exogenous cortisol use

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9
Q

Most common cause of endogenous Cushings

A

ACTH pituitary adenoma

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10
Q

Chronic adrenal insufficiency

A

Addison’s disease

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11
Q

Most common cause of PRIMARY adrenal insufficiency

A

Autoimmune destruction of adrenals

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12
Q

Homer Wright Rosettes

A

Neuroblastoma

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13
Q

Occurs anywhere along the sympathetic chain

A

Neuroblastoma

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14
Q

Most common presentation is abdominal distention and a firm, irregular mass

A

Neuroblastoma

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15
Q

opsoclonus-myoclonus

A

Neuroblastoma

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16
Q

opsoclonus-myoclonus

A

Neuroblastoma (dancing eyes, dancing feet)

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17
Q

HVA and VMA increased in urine

A

Neuroblastoma (HVA-Dopamine, VMA-norepi)

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18
Q

Bombesin

A

Neuroblastoma (gastrin analog)

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19
Q

Neuron specific enolase

A

Neuroblastoma (ninth and final step in glycolysis)

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20
Q

N-Myc

A

Neuroblastoma

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21
Q

Pheochromocytoma is associated with the gene defects in

A

NF1
MEN2A
MEN2B
vHL

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22
Q

Pheochromocytoma is associated with the gene defects in

A

NF1
MEN2A
MEN2B
vHL

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23
Q

Antibodies found in Hashimotos

A

Antithyroglobulin
Antithyroid peroxidase
Antimicrosomal

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24
Q

HLA DR5

A

Hashimotos

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25
Q

Hurthle cells

A

Hashimotos (lymphoid aggregate with germinal centers)

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26
Q

Puffy faced child

A

cretinism

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27
Q

pot bellied child

A

cretinism

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28
Q

protuberant tongue

A

cretinism

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29
Q

poor brain development in child

A

cretinism (cannot be corrected after damage is done)

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30
Q

hyperthyroid followed by hypothyroid

A

Hashimotos

De Quervian

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31
Q

granulomatous inflammation in thyroid

A

De Quervian

32
Q

Elevated ESR thyroiditis

A

De Quervian

33
Q

very tender thyroid

A

De Quervian

34
Q

jaw pain with thyroiditis

A

De Quervian

35
Q

thyroid replaced by fibrous tissue

A

Riedel thyroiditis

36
Q

mimics anaplastic carcinoma

A

Riedel thyroiditis

37
Q

IgG4 related systemic disease

A

Riedel thyroiditis

38
Q

IgG4 related systemic disease

A

Riedel thyroiditis

39
Q

exopthalmos

A

Graves (retro-oribital fibroblasts

40
Q

pretibial myxedema

A

Graves (dermal fibroblasts)

41
Q

increased alp

A

thyroid storm

42
Q

cause of death in thyroid storm

A

tachyarrythmia

43
Q

treatment for thyroid storm

A

beta blocker
PTU
corticosteroids

44
Q

jod-basedow phenomenon

A

thyrotoxicosis if patient with iodine deficiency is made replete

45
Q

Complications of thyroidectomy

A

Hypocalcemia
Hoarseness
recurrent/superior laryngeal nerve from ligation of inferior thyroid artery and superior laryngeal artery respective.

46
Q

Most common type of thyroid cancer

A

Papillary carcinoma

47
Q

Orphan Annie Eyes

A

Papillary carcinoma

48
Q

Psammoma bodies

A

Papillary carcinoma

49
Q

Lymphatic invasion is common

A

Papillary carcinoma

50
Q

Increase risk with BRAF and RET mutations

A

Papillary carcinoma

51
Q

Associated with childhood irradiation

A

Papillary carcinoma

52
Q

invades thyroid capsule

A

follicular carcinoma

53
Q

sheets of cells in amyloid stroma

A

Medullary carcinoma

54
Q

MEN2A/2B

A

Medullary

55
Q

Hematagenous spread common

A

Medullary

56
Q

Associated with Hashimotos

A

Non Hodgkin’s Lymphoma

57
Q

unresponsiveness of kidney to PTH

A

Albright hereditary osteodystrophy

58
Q

defective Ca receptor on parathyroid cells

A

Familial hypocalciruic hypercalcemia

59
Q

cystic bone spaces with brown fibrous tissue

A

Osteitis fibrosa cystica

60
Q

treatment for prolactinoma

A

bromocriptine
cabergoline
(Dopamine agonists)

61
Q

increased risk of colorectal cancer

A

acromegaly

62
Q

Treatment for acromegaly

A

octreotide

pegvisomant (GH receptor antagonist)

63
Q

Treatment for acromegaly

A

octreotide

pegvisomant (GH receptor antagonist)

64
Q

HLA DR3, HLADR4

A

Type one diabetes

65
Q

Dermatitis
DVT
Diabetes
Depression

A

Glucagonoma

66
Q

Leads to a niacin deficiency

A

Carcinoid syndrome

67
Q

Gastrin secreting tumor

A

Zollinger Ellison syndrome

68
Q

recurrent ulcers

A

Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome

69
Q

Positive secretin stimulation test

A

Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome

70
Q

MEN1 associated

A

Zollinger Ellison
Pituitary
Parathyroid
Pancreatic

71
Q

menin overproduction

A

MEN1

72
Q

MEN2A associated tumors

A

Parathyroids
Pheochromocytoma
Medullary thyroid

73
Q

MEN2B

A

Pheochromocytoma
Medullary thyroid
Ganglioneuromatosis

74
Q

marfinoid habitus

A

MEN2B

75
Q

mutation in RET

A

MEN2A/B

STEP ONE FINAL (8 decks)

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